[Study on Chemical Components of Tripterospermum chinense ( â ¡)].

Objective: To investigate the chemical components of Tripterospermum chinense. Methods: Various column chromatography were used in the isolation and purification,and physiochemical constant determination and spectral analysis were adopted to determine the chemical structures. Results: A novel monoterpenoid and seven known compounds were isolated and identified as tripterospermum acid ester A( 1),strychnovoline( 2),p-hydroxybenzaldehyde( 3),isovitexin( 4),7-O-rhamnopyransoyl-isoorientin( 5),trifoliside( 6),2″-O-rhamnopyransoyl-trifoliside( 7) and sweroside( 8). Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new monoterpenoid,compounds 2,3 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

[Chemical Constituents from Roots and Rhizome of Trillium tschonoskii( â £)].

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents from the roots and rhizome of Trillium tschonoskii. Methods: The85% methanol elution parts from the roots and rhizome of Trillium tschonoskii were separated and purified by polyamide,silica gel,RPC18,Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and the preparation of high performance liquid. Chemical structures were identified by MS,1D and 2D-NMR experiment. Results: Ten steroidal saponins compounds were isolated and identified as diosgenin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-( 1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-( 1→4)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl( 1 →2) ]-ß-D-glucopyranoside( 1),trikamsteroside E( 2),deoxytrikamsteroside E( 3),( 23 S,24S,25S)-spirostan-5-ene-1ß,3ß,21,23,24-pentahydroxy-1ß-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-( 1 →2)-[O-ß-D-xylopyranosyl( 1→3) ]-O-α-L-pyranarabinoside( 4),trikamsteroside B( 5),27-hydroxy-trikamsteroside B( 6),3-acetyl-pennogenin( 7),dioscoreanoside I( 8),sileneoside G( 9) and intergristerone B( 10). Conclusion: Compounds 8 ~ 10 are isolated from this genus for the first time,compounds 1,3,4,6,7 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

[Preliminary Study on the Detection of Pork Tenderness by Three-Dimensional Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy].

Tenderness is an important index to evaluate the pork's quality, in this paper a method called three-dimensional diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was proposed to detect pork tenderness. Because pork has a strong scattering impact on light, this method introduced more scattering information of pork samples into spectral analysis of tenderness. Using the special data acquisition system, three-dimensional diffuse reflectance spectra of 64 pork samples were constructed by collecting the emergent light signals of different distances away from the light incident point. And n-way partial least squares (NPLS) regression was applied to establish the calibration model between the pork tenderness and three-dimensional diffuse reflectance spectra which were denoised by wavelet transform. The determination coefficient of model for the calibration set (R2(Cal)) is 0.883 1, and the root mean squared error of calibration (RMSEC) is 3.685 0N. The determination coefficient of model for the prediction set (R2(Pred)) is 0.874 7, and the root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) is 3.975 6N. The result indicates that the NPLS model of pork tenderness built by three-dimensional diffuse reflectance spectra has higher calibration accuracy and prediction stability than the traditional diffuse reflectance spectra. Three-dimensional diffuse reflectance spectroscopy can be expected to be a new method to quickly detect the tenderness and the other qualities of pork.

[Chemical Constituents from Saururus chinensis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chemical constituents of active components of Saururus chinensis on anti-nicotine withdrawal symptoms. METHODS: Various column chromatography were used in the isolation and purification, and physiochemical constant determination and spectral analysis were adopted to determine the chemical structures. RESULTS: Six chemical compounds were isolated from the active part of anti-withdrawal symptoms, and were identified as 4'-hydroxyl-3,3',4,5,5'-pentamethoxy-7,7'-epoxylignan (1) ,3-(2-nitroethyl)-1-methoxyindole(2), elemicin (3), erythro-(7R, 8S) - (-) - (3,4,5-trimethoxy-7-hydroxy-1'-allyl-3', 5'-dimethoxy)-8-O-4'-neolignan (4), 3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenylacrylaldehyde (5) and dibutyl phthalate (6). CONCLUSION: Compound 1 is a novel lignan, compounds 2 - 6 are firstly isolated from this plant.

[Study on Phenylpropanoids of Gardenia jasminoides].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the phenylpropanoids constituents of Gardenia jasminoides. METHODS: Various column chromatography were used in the isolation and purification, physiochemical constant determination and spectral analysis were adopted to determine the chemical structures. RESULTS: Eight compounds were isolated from Gardenia jasminoides, including 4-hydroxy-cinnamic acid methylester (1), 3, 5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy-cinnamic acid methylester (2), pisoninol II (3), 7-hydroxy-orebiusin A (4), (E) -3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl) -acrylic acid n-butyl ester (5), (E) -3-(4'-methoxyphenyl) -acrylic acid n-butyl ester (6), 4-methoxyl-phenylpropanol n-butyl ether (7) and cycloolivil (8). CONCLUSION: All compounds are firstly isolated from this plant.

[Study on chemical components of Tripterospermum chinense].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chemical components of the whole herb of Tripterospermum chinense. METHODS: Various column chromatography methods were used in the isolation and purification. Physio-chemical constant determination and spectral analysis were adopted to determine the chemical structures. RESULTS: Ten compounds were isolated and identified as 1, 7-dihydroxy-3,8-dimethoxyxanthone(1),1,3-dihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyxanthone (2) 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone (3),1,8-dihydroxyxanthone(4),2'-deoxythymidine(5), 4-hydroxyphthalide(6),2,4-dihydroxy benzyl alcohol (7),2,5-dihydroxyphenetole (8), saponarin (9) and 4'-methoxysaponarin(10). CONCLUSION: Compounds 2 - 8 and 10 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

[Phenylpropanoids constituents of Eucommia ulmoides leaves].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate phenylpropanoids constituents from Eucommia ulmoides leaves. METHODS: Various column chromatographic methods were used in isolation and purification. Physiochemical constant determination and spectral analysis were adopted to determine the chemical structures of phenylpropanoids. RESULTS: Nine phenylpropanoids were isolated and identified as caffeic acid (1), chlorogenic acid methylester (2), syringin (3), guaiacylglycerol (4), 5-methoxy-guaiacylglycerol (5), 5,9-dimethoxy-guaiacylglycerol (6), 9-n-butyl-guaiacylglycerol (7), 9-n-butyl-isoguaiacylglycerol (8), 8'-methoxy-olivil (9). CONCLUSION: Compounds 5 - 9 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

[Study on chemical constituents of Eucommia ulmoides leaves].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chemical constituents of Eucommia ulmoides leaves. METHODS: Various column chromatography were used in the isolation and purification, physiochemical constant determination and spectral analysis were adopted to determine the chemical structures. RESULTS: Ten compounds were isolated and identified as borreriagenin (1), n-butyl-O-ß-D-fructopyranoside (2), α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->1')-3'-amino-3'-deoxy-ß-D-glucopyranoside (3), ß-D-fructofuranosyl-α-D-galactopyranoside (4), ß-D-fructose (5), diisobutyl phthalate (6), 5-hydroxy-9-isopropylether-guaiacylglycerol (7), 4-hydroxyphenylethanol-8-O-ß-D-apiofuranosyl(1-->6)-ß-D-glucopyranoside (8), lariciresinol (9), and (3S,5R,6R,9S)-tetrahydroxy-7-ene-megastigmane (10). CONCLUSION: All compounds are isolated from this genus for the first time.

[Study on chemical constituents of Gardenia jasminoides(III)].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chemical constituents of Gardenia jasminoides fruits. METHODS: Various column chromatography were used in the isolation and purification, and physiochemical constant determination and spectral analysis were adopted to determine the chemical structures. RESULTS: Twelve compounds were isolated from Gardenia jasminoides including jasminoside I (1), gardenoside (2), gardaloside (3), 3-hydroxy-urs-12-ene-11-ketone(4), 5, 4'-dihydroxyl-7, 3', 5'-trimethoxyflavone (5), 5, 7, 3', 4', 5'-pentamethoxyflavone(6), 3, 5, 6, 4'-tetrahydroxy-3', 5'-dimethoxyflavone (7), shikimic acid (8), 1, 2, 4-benzenetriol (9), 3, 4-dimethoxy-benzoic acid (10), dibutyl phthalate (11) and diisobutyl phthalate (12). CONCLUSION: Compounds 4 - 7 and 9 -10 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

[Study on chemical constituents of iridoids from eucommiae folium].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chemical constituents of iridoids from Eucommiae Folium. METHODS: The compounds were isolated and purified by various column chromatography, the structures were identified on the basis of physiochemical properties and spectral analysis. RESULTS: Nine iridoids were isolated and identified as asperuloside (1), daphylloside (2), scandoside methyl ester (3), loganin (4), 8-epi-loganin (5), 7-epi-loganin (6), deacetyl asperulosidic acid methyl ester (7), geniposide (8) and geniposidic acid (9). CONCLUSION: Compounds 2 - 7 are isolated from this plant for the first time, compounds 4 - 6 are isolated from this genus for the first time.

[Study on chemical constituents in the roots and rhizome of Trillium tschonoskii (III)].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chemical constituents in the roots and rhizome of Trillium tschonoskii. METHODS: The roots and rhizome of Trillium tschonoskii were extracted with 70% ethanol and purified by polyamide, silica gel, RP-C18 and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Chemical structures were identified by MS, 1D and 2D NMR experiments. RESULTS: Twelve compounds were isolated and identified from the ethyl acetate and n-butanol as 7,11-dimethyl-3-methylene-10, 11-dihdroxyl-1,6-dodecadien-diol(1),2, 6,10-trimethyl-2,10-dihdroxyl-6-dodecene-diol(2),3,7,11-trimethyl-3,9,11-trihydroxyl-1,6-dodecadiene-glycerol(3),p-hydroxymethyl-benzyl alcohol(4),20betaF, 22alphaF, 25alphaF-spirostan-5,13-ene-3beta,21alpha-diol(5), 2-methyl-3,4-dihydroxy-hexanedioic acid(6), alpha-Lrhamnopyranosyl(7), epitrillenogenin-24-O-acetate-1-O-[2,3,4,-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside] (8),epitrillenogenin-24-O-acetate-1-O-[2,4, -di-O-acetyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside](9), epitrillenogenin1-O-[2,3,4,-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside] (10), epitrillenogenin-1-O-[2,4, -di-O-acetyl-alpha-Lrhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2) -alpha-L-arabinopyranoside] (11) and epitrillenogenin-1-O-[4-O-acetyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2) -alpha-L-arabinopyranoside] (12). CONCLUSION: Compounds 4-6 are isolated from this genus for the first time, compounds 1-3, 11, 12 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

[Study on the chemical components of Gardenia jasminoides (II)].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chemical components of Gardenia jasminoides. METHODS: Various column chromatography were used in the isolation and purification, and physiochemical constant determination and spectral analysis were adopted to idenitify the chemical structures. RESULTS: Ten compounds were isolated and identified as jasminoside A(1), epijasminoside A(2), 6-O-methylscandoside methyl ester (3), 6-O-methyldeacetylasperulosidic acid methyl ester (4), gardenoside (5), phenylmethol (6), 4-hydroxy-phenylmethol-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl- (1-->6) -beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylmethol-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (8), 3-hydroxy4-methoxy-phenylmethol-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (9), 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylmethol-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (10). CONCLUSION: Compounds 6 -10 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

[Study on the chemical components of Gardenia jasminoides].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chemical components of Gardenia jasminoides. METHODS: Various column chromatography were used in the isolation and purification. Physiochemical constant determination and spectral analysis were adopted to determine the chemical structures. RESULTS: Ten compounds were isolated and elucidated as syringic acid (1), syringaldehyde (2), vanillic acid (3), 3-hydroxy-vanillic acid (4), 3, 4, 5-trimethoxy-phenol (5), 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-phenol (6), 4-methoxy-benzaldehyde (7), 7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-chromone (8), crocin-1 (9), crocin-2 (10). CONCLUSION: Compounds 2, 4 - 8 are first isolated from this plant.

[Influence of foliar dust on crop reflectance spectrum and nitrogen monitoring].

More researches were carried out to investigate the application of spectral technology on crop nutrition diagnosis. However, the complex conditions in the field results in the uncertainty of spectrum. In this paper, the influence of foliar dust on spectral of the crop beside the nation road was studied, the differences of the raw spectral reflectance and first derivative spectral reflectance between the foliar with dust and the foliar washed with deionised water were analyzed, nitrogen prediction models were built on the disturbance of foliar dust. Result showed that the dust foliar spectral reflectance increased in the visible light (350-720 nm) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) (1 360-2 500 nm) regions whereas the spectral reflectance in the near infrared (NIR) (720-1 360 nm) wavelength regions decreased. There were no change rules for blue edge position, yellow edge position, red edge position, blue edge slope and yellow edge slope on the effect of foliar dust, but red edge slope, blue edge area, yellow edge area, red edge area decreased. Determinate coefficient (R2) of nitrogen prediction models reduced in the condition of foliar dust. The primary research work about the condition of foliar dust was studied which helps to provide foundation for evaluating effect of foliar dust and proposing foliar dust modification model in the future.

[Study on recognition of the true or false red wine based on visible-near infrared spectroscopy].

This study selected 90 samples from different brands of red wine. In order to eliminate the impact of spectral curve's baseline, the first derivatives of all of spectral curves were calculated and the principal component analysis was carried out on the first derivative spectra. The result showed that the contribution rate of the first two principal components was over 80 percent. By the first two principal components, all the red wine samples were obviously divided into two classes. Furthermore a 3-layer artificial neural network predictive model was built with the first four principal components as input variables and 100 percent correct prediction rate was gained. The research showed that the visible-near infrared spectroscopy combined with principal component analysis provides an accurate and reliable new method to rapidly and nondestructively recognize the true or false red wines.

[Study on a model predicting fertilization nitrogen content in hydroponic cultivation of tomato by near infrared spectrum].

It was successful to denoise the spectrum signal within visual wave band (350-560 nm) by wavelet transformation, to extract the folic acid characteristic wavelength 366 nm and some character wavelengths with relation to chlorophyll at 380, 414, 437 and 554 nm. In the range from 560 to 2500 nm, after denoising, the biggest error was smaller than 1.47%, while at the peak or vale of character wavelength the biggest error was smaller than 0.11%. Moreover, the model was established based on the denoised data acquired with aid of plant probe. The model was also based on BP neural network and for predicting the nitrogen content in nutrient solution in hydroponic cultivation of tomato. The results showed that the predicting model, which used the values of absorbance at 554, 673, 1440 and 1940 nm as input variables of BP neural network,had a very good forecasting accuracy and great potential to be used practically.

[Effects of Valeriana amurensis on the expressions of beta-APP, Abeta(1-40) and caspase-3 in Alzheimer's disease model rat's brain].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Valeriana amurensis on the expressions of P-APP,A4,1 and Caspase-3 of cortical neurons and hippocampus neurons in in Alzheimer's disease model rats' brain. METHODS: Established the model with multiple factors, observed the expressions of beta-APP, Abeta(1-40) and Caspase-3 of cortical neurons and Hippocampus neurons in in Alzheimer's disease model rats' brain by electron lens using immunohistochemistry method. RESULTS: The extracts of the roots and rhizomes of Valeriana amurensis decreased the expressions of beta-APP, Abeta(1-40) and Caspase-3 of cortical neurons and hippocampus neurons in in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of high dose of 50% ethanol extract of macroporous resin group were more significant than the other groups'. CONCLUSION: The 50% ethanol extracts of macroporous resin group from the roots and rhizomes of Valeriana amurensis can decrease the expressions of beta-APP, Abeta(1-40), and Caspase-3, to inhibit the formation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease model rats' brain, and decrease cell fate of cortical neurons and hippocampus neurons in in Alzheimer's disease model rats' brain.

[Effects of Valeriana amurensis on the expressions of iNOS, COX-2 and IkappaCB-alpha in Alzheimer's disease model rat's brain].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of Valeriana amurensis Smir. ex Kom. on the inflammation reaction of cortical neurons and hippocampus neuronsin in Alzheimer's disease model rat's brain. METHODS: The model of Alzheimer's disease was established with multiple factors and the expressions of iNOS, COX-2, IkappaB-alpha of cortical neurons and hippocampus neuronsin in Alzheimer's disease model rats' brain were observed by electron lens using immunohistochemistry method. RESULTS: The extracts of Valeriana amurensis could reduce the expressions of iNOS, COX-2 and IkappaB-alpha of cortical neurons and hippocampus neuronsin in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of 50% ethanol extracts of macroporous resin group were more significant than other groups. CONCLUSION: The 50% ethanol extract of macroporous resin group from Valeriana amurensis can improve the ability of spatial exploratory and effectively control the inflammation reaction, the mechanism maybe relevant to it's effect of decreasing the expressions of iNOS, COX-2 and IkappaB-alpha of cortical neurons and hippocampus neuronsin to inhibit the activity of glia cell and inflammatory injury of cortical neurons and hippocampus neuronsin in Alzheimer's disease model rat's brain.