Hepatic ultrasonography in three breeds of healthy calves: Nellore, Curraleiro Pe-duro and Pantaneiro.

An ultrasonography was performed in 21 healthy male calves of Nellore (n = 8), Curraleiro Pe-duro (n = 7) and Pantaneiro (n = 6) breeds, between 8 and 12 months, with the objective to display information about size, position and ultrasonographic parenchymal patterns of the liver, in addition to the topography of the gallbladder, right kidney and major vessels. The measurements used were dorsal margin distance (DMD) and ventral margin distance (VMD) of the liver, viewable extension (VE) of the liver, the caudal vena cava (CVC), width (CVCW) and depth (CVCD) and the portal vein (PV), width (PVW) and depth (PVD). The measures DMD, VMD and VE were similar, and the organ's longest visible extension was in 11th ICS. CVC was more frequently observed in the 11th and 10th ICS, despite being visible from the 12th to the 9th ICS in Nellore and still 8th ICS in Curraleiro Pe-duro and Pantaneiro. CVCD was lower in the 10th and 9th ICS in Nellore. The PV presented higher observation frequency in the 10th ICS. The measures PVD and PVW were higher in Nellore in the 11th, 10th and 9th ICS. To our knowledge, this report is the first to document ultrasonographic findings in three healthy calves. Considering the three breeds, the results show no differences in the ultrasonographic features as regard to the measurements and visualization of the position, size and vasculature of the liver and there was no additional information about the topography of the gallbladder and the right kidney.

Monstros fetais como causa de distocia em vacas / Monsters fetal as cause of dystocia cows

O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar os tipos de monstros fetais associados aos casos de distocias de origem fetal em vacas atendidas na rotina hospitalar no período de 11 anos. Para isso foram utilizadas informações das fichas de acompanhamento clinico de 397 vacas com distocias fetais, destas 27 ocorreram por anomalias fetais. Os monstros fetais simples (MFS) e os monstros fetais complexos (MFC) representaram 6,8% dos casos de distocia de ordem fetal. Observando 74% dos casos de MFS, com uma maior ocorrência de Schistosomos reflexus 45%, seguida de contraturas e flexões 30%, ascite 10% e Perossomus elumbis 10%, além de hidrocefalia 5%. Nos 26% dos casos de MFC, 43% foram Thoracogastropagus, 29% Dicephalus, 14% Diprosopus e 14% Duplicitas posterior. A ocorrência de monstros fetais está presente na bovinocultura, representando fator de risco para o desencadeamento de partos distócicos e acarretando em perdas econômicas para esta atividade com os procedimentos e a alta mortalidade dos animais. Nas situações de manobra obstétrica, os veterinários devem levar em consideração a possibilidade da presença de alterações congênita fetal para se tomar a medida mais apropriada para o caso e com isso minimizar o sofrimento e a mortalidade tanto da vaca quanto do feto.

The aim of this study was to report the types of fetal monsters associated with cases of dystocia of fetal origin in cows treated at hospital routine in the period of 11 years. For this we used information from clinical monitoring reports of 397 cows with dystocia fetal, 27 of these were for fetal anomalies. The simple fetal monsters (MFS) and complex fetal monsters (MFC) represented 6,8% of the cases of fetal dystocia. Observing 74% of cases of MFS with a higher incidence of Schistosomus reflexus 45%, then bending and contractures 30%, ascites 10%, Perossomus elumbis 10% and hydrocephalus 5%. In 26% of cases of MFC, 43% were Thoracogastropagus, 29% Dicephalus, 14% Diprosopus and 14% Duplicitas posterior. The occurrence of fetal monsters are present in cattle, representing a risk factor for the onset of dystocia and resulting in economic losses for this activity with the procedures and the high mortality of animals. During obstetrical maneuvers, veterinarians should consider the possibility of the presence of fetal congenital changes to take the most appropriate measure for the case and thereby minimize the suffering and mortality of both the cow and fetus.