RESUMO
Rhynchophorus palmarum Linnaeus is an agricultural pest that affects various palm crops, including coconut (Cocos nucifera) plantations which are prominent in the economy of Northeastern Brazil. Characterization of the intestinal microbiota of R. palmarum, as well as elucidation of aspects related to the biochemistry and physiology of the insect's digestion, is essential for intervention in specific metabolic processes as a form of pest control. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the intestinal microbiota of R. palmarum and investigate its ability to degrade cellulosic substrates, to explore new biological control measures. Intestinal dissection of eight adult R. palmarum insects was performed in a laminar flow chamber, and the intestines were homogenized in sterile phosphate-buffered saline solution. Subsequently, serial dilution aliquots of these solutions were spread on nutritive agar plates for the isolation of bacteria and fungi. The microorganisms were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization with a time-of-flight mass spectrometry and evaluated for their ability to degrade cellulose. Fourteen bacterial genera (Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Citrobacter, Enterococcus, Kerstersia, Lactococcus, Micrococcus, Proteus, Providencia, Pseudomonas, Serratia, and Staphylococcus) and two fungal genera (Candida and Saccharomyces)-assigned to the Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Ascomycota phyla-were identified. The cellulolytic activity was exhibited by six bacterial and one fungal species; of these, Bacillus cereus demonstrated the highest enzyme synthesis (enzymatic index = 4.6). This is the first study characterizing the R. palmarum intestinal microbiota, opening new perspectives for the development of strategies for the biological control of this insect.
Assuntos
Besouros , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Gorgulhos , Animais , Brasil , CandidaAssuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Carbono-Oxigênio Ligases/genética , Enterococcus faecium/classificação , Enterococcus faecium/isolamento & purificação , Genótipo , Rios/microbiologia , Enterococos Resistentes à Vancomicina/classificação , Enterococos Resistentes à Vancomicina/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Brasil , Enterococcus faecium/genética , Hospitais , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Tipagem Molecular , Enterococos Resistentes à Vancomicina/genéticaRESUMO
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important infectious mastitis causative agents in small ruminants. In order to know the distribution of Staph. aureus strains associated with infectious mastitis in flocks of sheep in the northeast of Brazil and establish whether these clones are related to the strains distributed internationally, this study analysed the genetic diversity of Staph. aureus isolates from cases of clinical and subclinical mastitis in ewes by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). In this research, 135 ewes with mastitis from 31 sheep flocks distributed in 15 districts were examined. Staph. aureus was isolated from sheep milk in 9 (29%) out of 31 herds located in 47% of the districts surveyed. MLST analysis allowed the identification of four STs (ST750, ST1728, ST1729 and ST1730). The last three with their respective novel alleles (glp-220; pta-182 and yqil-180) were recently reported in the Staph. aureus MLST database (http://www.mlst.net). Each novel allele showed only a nucleotide different from those already described. The occurrence of CC133 (ST750 and ST1729) in this study is in agreement with other reports that only a few clones of Staph. aureus seem to be responsible for most cases of mastitis in dairy farms and that some of these clones may have broad geographic distribution. However, the prevalence of CC5 (ST1728 and ST1730)--an important group related to cases of colonization or infection in humans--differs from previous studies by its widespread occurrence and may suggest human contamination followed by selective pressures of the allelic diversifications presented for these STs.
Assuntos
Mastite/veterinária , Doenças dos Ovinos/microbiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/veterinária , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Feminino , Variação Genética , Mastite/epidemiologia , Mastite/microbiologia , Leite/microbiologia , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/epidemiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/classificaçãoRESUMO
Since Staphylococcus aureus can cause several types of diseases, the development of antibiotic resistance poses an even greater threat to public health. S. aureus is known to possess the adaptive capability to promptly respond to antibiotics, making it resistant and increasingly difficult to treat; methicillin-resistant strains of S. aureus are a major concern with regard to this species. Previous studies reported the identification of methicillin-resistant S. aureus in food, demonstrating that this can represent a source of S. aureus which may carry the mecA gene. Fifty-seven S. aureus isolates, previously obtained from different types of food, were screened by polymerase chain reaction with specific primers for the mecA gene, which mediates methicillin resistance. Five (9%) isolates showed the presence of mecA gene, demonstrating that food may contain microorganisms possessing resistance genes. This study emphasizes the need to include food as a possible source of S. aureus carrying mecA gene and the need to monitor these products. Moreover, this is the first report of the presence of mecA genes in S. aureus isolated from ready-to-eat food in Brazil and Latin America.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Fast Foods/microbiologia , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Resistência a Meticilina , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/genética , Brasil , Testes de Sensibilidade a Antimicrobianos por Disco-Difusão , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/classificação , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/isolamento & purificação , Tipagem Molecular , Proteínas de Ligação às Penicilinas , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Staphylococcus aureus/classificação , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificaçãoAssuntos
Acetamidas/farmacologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Mutação , Oxazolidinonas/farmacologia , RNA Ribossômico 23S/metabolismo , Proteínas Ribossômicas/metabolismo , Staphylococcus hominis/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Brasil , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Genes Bacterianos , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Linezolida , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , RNA Ribossômico 23S/genética , Proteínas Ribossômicas/genética , Ribossomos/genética , Ribossomos/metabolismo , Infecções Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Staphylococcus hominis/genética , Staphylococcus hominis/isolamento & purificação , Centros de Atenção TerciáriaAssuntos
Acetamidas/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Mutação , Oxazolidinonas/farmacologia , RNA Ribossômico 23S/genética , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus haemolyticus/efeitos dos fármacos , Brasil , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/microbiologia , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/transmissão , Catéteres/microbiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/transmissão , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Humanos , Linezolida , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Infecções Estafilocócicas/transmissão , Staphylococcus haemolyticus/genéticaAssuntos
Acetamidas/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Oxazolidinonas/farmacologia , RNA Ribossômico 23S/genética , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Staphylococcus epidermidis/efeitos dos fármacos , Brasil , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Hospitais , Humanos , Linezolida , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Epidemiologia Molecular , Tipagem Molecular , Mutação Puntual , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus epidermidis/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
We report changes in the molecular epidemiology of vanA-containing Enterococcus during the intra and interhospital spread of high-risk clones, in Southeastern Brazil. While VRE faecalis predominated during 1998 to 2006, a reversal has been observed in the last years, where VRE faecium belonging to ST114, ST203, ST412, ST478 and ST858 have become endemic.
Assuntos
Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/epidemiologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Brasil/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Enterococcus faecalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterococcus faecalis/genética , Enterococcus faecium/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/microbiologia , Hospitais , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , Epidemiologia Molecular/métodos , Resistência a Vancomicina/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
We report the whole-genome sequence (WGS) of an in vitro susceptible derivative revertant mutant from a bloodstream isolate involved in a nosocomial outbreak in Brazil. The WGS comprises 2.5 Mb with 2,500 protein-coding sequences, 16rRNA genes, and 60 tRNA genes.
RESUMO
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most frequent mastitis causative agents in small ruminants. The expression of most virulence genes of S. aureus is controlled by an accessory gene regulator (agr) locus. This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence of the different agr groups and to evaluate the occurrence of encoding genes for cytotoxin, adhesins and toxins with superantigen activity in S. aureus isolates from milk of ewes with clinical and subclinical mastitis in sheep flocks raised for meat production The agr groups I and II were identified in both cases of clinical and subclinical mastitis. Neither the arg groups III and IV nor negative agr were found. The presence of cflA gene was identified in 100% of the isolates. The frequency of hla and lukE-D genes was high - 77.3 and 82.8%, respectively and all isolates from clinical mastitis presented these genes. The sec gene, either associated to tst gene or not, was identified only in isolates from subclinical mastitis. None of the following genes were identified: bbp, ebpS, cna, fnbB, icaA, icaD, bap, hlg, lukM-lukF-PV and se-a-b-d-e.