Effects of Concurrent Training with Elastic Tubes in Hypertensive Patients: A Blind Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: Concurrent training (CT) has been recommended to minimize the deleterious effects of aging. However, few studies have investigated whether this type of training reduces blood pressure in the elderly. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the effects of CT on the hemodynamic, cardiorespiratory, and muscle strength responses in medicated hypertensive patients. METHODS: Twenty-three hypertensives (62.65 ± 6.4 years) of both sexes were allocated to the concurrent training group (CTG) or control group (CG). The CTG performed aerobic training (70-85% of reserve heart rate) combined with resistance training with elastic tubes (2sets × 15 repetitions) for 8 weeks. Resting blood pressure (BP), peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), and right knee and elbow flexion strength were evaluated. RESULTS: A reduction of 6.37% was observed in BP and increases of 16.68% in VO2peak and 16% in muscle strength for right elbow flexion in the CTG compared to CG (p < .05). Intragroup comparisons showed reduction of 5% for BP, and increases of 6.79% for VO2peak, 24.79% for elbow flexion, and 16.47% for knee flexion in the CTG (p < .05), without significant improvement in the CG. CONCLUSION: CT promoted a reduction in BP, and increased cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength of the upper limbs in the hypertensive older adults.

Effect of elastic resistance training on functional capacity in older adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of Elastic Resistance Training (ERT) on functional capacity (FC) in older adults. METHODS: The databases used were Embase, Virtual Health Library, PubMed, SciElo, Scopus, SPORTS Discus, and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria: aged ≥ 60 years; both sexes; intervention of at least 8 weeks; structured ERT; comparator group that performed other types of training or without any intervention; at least one functional test measurement. Functional tests were grouped according to their specificity for the sub-group meta-analyses. RESULTS: Twenty-six studies were considered eligible for qualitative synthesis, of which 16 were used for quantitative analysis. Favorable effects (p < .001) of ERT compared to the control group without intervention were observed in the 30-second sit to stand test, Timed Up and Go test, arm curl test, handgrip strength test, 6-minute walk test, lower and upper limb flexibility, and Short Physical Performance Battery (p = .007). Comparisons between ERT and other types of training were not performed because of the high heterogeneity of the studies. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that ERT is able to improve the FC of older adults when compared to older adults not involved in any type of training.

Sex differences in the association between educational level and specific domains of physical activity: a Brazilian cross-national survey.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the association between educational level and physical activity (PA) in specific domains according to sex, among residents of 26 Brazilian state capitals and the Federal District. METHODS: This is a cross-national survey, with data obtained from the Telephone-based Surveillance of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases (VIGITEL), in 2017, conducted with individuals ≥ 18 years old (n = 53,034). The education level (classified as ≤ 4 years, 5 to 8 years, 9 to 11 years, and ≥ 12 years of education) and PA of participants (meeting PA recommendations and performing this active behaviour) in the commuting, domestic, leisure, and work domains were self-reported. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the data obtained from the survey. RESULTS: Males and females with higher education were less likely to meet PA recommendations (males: OR = 0.68 [95% CI 0.52-0.91]; females: OR = 0.41 [0.34-0.48]) and perform the active behaviour (males: OR = 0.73 [0.57-0.93]; females: OR = 0.27 [0.23-0.32]) in the domestic domain. In the work domain, the two outcomes were associated with education only for males, indicating that those with more years of education had less chance of meeting PA recommendations (OR9 to 11 years = 0.61 [0.46-0.83]; OR≥12 years = 0.21 [0.15-0.30]) and performing it (OR9 to 11 years = 0.64 [0.49-0.84]; OR≥12 years = 0.25 [0.18-0.34]). However, more years of education seemed to positively influence meeting PA recommendations (males: OR9-11 years = 2.26 [1.79-2.87]; OR≥12 years = 2.91 [2.28-3.72]; females: OR5-8 years = 1.26 [1.04-1.54]; OR9-11 years = 1.81 [1.52-2.16]; OR≥12 years = 2.69 [2.25-3.22]) and practicing this behaviour (males: OR5-8 years = 1.29 [1.01-1.63]; OR9-11 years = 2.54 [2.04-3.17]; OR≥12 years = 3.31 [2.64-4.16]; females: OR5-8 years = 1.23 [1.03-1.46]; OR9-11 years = 1.75 [1.51-2.01]; OR≥12 years = 2.94 [2.53-3.40]) in leisure time for both sexes. CONCLUSION: Education level appears to be an important determinant in the relationship with PA in its different domains, especially in the leisure and domestic domains, for both sexes.

RéSUMé: OBJECTIF: Identifier l'association entre le statut éducatif et l'activité physique (AP) dans des domaines spécifiques, selon le sexe, chez les résidents des capitales du Brésil et du District Fédéral. MéTHODES: Il s'agit d'une enquête transnationale dérivée de la surveillance téléphonique des facteurs de risque et de protection pour les maladies chroniques (VIGITEL), menée en 2017, auprès de personnes âgées de ≥ 18 ans (n = 53 034). Le niveau d'éducation (≤ 4 ans, 5 à 8, 9 à 11 et ≥ 12 ans d'étude) et l'AP des participants (respecter les recommandations d'activité physique et adopter ce comportement actif) dans les domaines des déplacements domicile-travail, domestique, des loisirs et du travail ont été autodéclarés. Une régression logistique binaire a été utilisée. RéSULTATS: Les hommes et les femmes ayant fait des études supérieures étaient moins susceptibles de respecter les recommandations de l'AP (hommes : RC = 0,68 [IC95% 0,52­0,91]; femmes : RC = 0,41 [0,34­0,48]) et d'adopter un comportement actif (hommes : RC = 0,73 [0,57­0,93]; femmes : RC = 0,27 [0,23­0,32]) dans le domaine domestique. Dans le domaine du travail, les deux résultats n'étaient associés à l'éducation que pour les hommes, indiquant que ceux qui avaient plus d'années d'éducation avaient moins de chances de respecter les recommandations de l'AP (RC9 a 11 ans = 0,61 [0,46­0,83]; RC≥12 ans = 0,21 [0,15­0,30]) et de les exécuter (RC9 a 11 ans = 0,64 [0,49­0,84]; RC≥12 ans = 0,25 [0,18­0,34]). Cependant, plus d'années d'éducation semblent influencer positivement le respect des recommandations de l'AP (hommes : RC9 a 11 ans = 2,26 [1,79­2,87]; RC≥12 ans = 2,91 [2,28­3,72]; femmes : RC5 a 8 ans = 1,26 [1,04­1,54]; RC9 a 11 ans = 1,81 [1,52­2,16]; RC≥12 ans = 2,69 [2,25­3,22]) et la pratique de ce comportement (hommes : RC5 a 8 years = 1,29 [1,01­1,63]; RC9 a 11 ans = 2,54 [2,04­3,17]; RC≥12 ans = 3,31 [2,64­4,16]; femmes : RC5 a 8 ans = 1,23 [1,03­1,46]; RC9 a 11 ans = 1,75 [1,51­2,01]; RC≥12 ans = 2,94 [2,53­3,40]) pendant les loisirs pour les deux sexes. CONCLUSION: Le niveau d'éducation semble un déterminant important de la relation avec l'AP dans ses différents domaines, notamment dans les domaines des loisirs et domestique, pour les deux sexes.