[ADHEFAP: Clinical trial to evaluate an educational-behavioral telephone intervention by the primary care pharmacist to improve therapeutic adherence]. / ADHEFAP: ensayo clínico para evaluar una intervención telefónica educacional-conductual por el farmacéutico de atención primaria en la mejora de la adherencia terapéutica.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the improvement in therapeutic adherence of an intervention based on telephone monitoring by the primary care pharmacist. DESIGN: Randomized open controlled trial. LOCATION: This study was carried out in 2021 by a multidisciplinary team working with health professionals of thirteen health centers belonging to four health districts in Community of Madrid, Spain. PARTICIPANTS: These were patients (60-74 years) with polipharmacy classified as non-adherent according to the Morisky-Green test. Two hundred and twenty-four patients were originally enrolled, 87 of them were non-adherents. Of these, 15 were lost and 72 were finally randomized. Seventy-one patients completed the study (33 intervention group and 38 control group). INTERVENTIONS: Patients randomized to the intervention arm were included in a follow-up telephone program consisting of an interview at months 1, 2, and 3 to improve adherence. The Morisky-Green test was repeated at month 4 to assess improvement. In the control group this test was only performed at month 4. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Adherence measured by Morisky-Green at baseline and at 4th month. RESULTS: The 72.7% of patients in the intervention group became adherent while only 34.2% did in the control arm, being the difference 38.5% (95% CI: 17.1-59.9), statistically significant (P=.001). CONCLUSIONS: After a follow-up educational-behavioral telephone intervention in non-adherent patients by the primary care pharmacist, therapeutic adherence was improved statistically significantly in the intervention group compared with the control group.

[Physiotherapy and health education protocol in chronic musculoskeletal shoulder pain. Experience in Primary Care]. / Protocolo de fisioterapia y educación para la salud en dolor crónico de hombro de origen musculoesquelético. Experiencia en atención primaria.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the experiencie with a health education program in Primary Care in patients with chronic shoulder pain of musculoskeletal origin, on pain and disability and establish the protocol in primary care. DESIGN: Quasi-experimental longitudinal descriptive observational study. LOCATION: Arroyo de la Vega Health Center, Alcobendas, Madrid. PARTICIPANTS: Patients referred by their Primary Care Physician to the Primary Care Physiotherapy Unit for shoulder pain of musculoskeletal origin. INTERVENTION: 7 group sessions of health education and therapeutic exercise. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Pain intensity was assessed through the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the disability of the upper limb with the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire and the level of disability and shoulder pain with the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) questionnaire. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were found in the reduction of pain and disability (P<.01), in addition, drug use and recurrences were reduced. CONCLUSIONS: The shoulder physiotherapy protocol with health education was effective in reducing pain and disability in patients with chronic shoulder pain of musculoskeletal origin in Primary Care.

[Effectiveness of a nursing program of self-care and Mindfulness, in the approach to the common mental disorder in primary care]. / Efectividad de un programa de enfermería en autocuidados y mindfulness, para el abordaje del trastorno mental común, en atención primaria.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of a mindfulness and self-care program to treat common mental health disorders in primary care. DESIGN: Quasi-experimental non-controlled, non-randomised study, with repeated measurements. SETTING: Seven health centres, in area v of the Principality of Asturias, between 2014 and 2018. PARTICIPANTS: Subjects between 18-65 years with mixed anxiety, depressive, and adaptive disorders, with no serious mental disease. Non-probabilistic convenience sampling was used. INTERVENTION: A group intervention was made, consisting of 9 weekly sessions of 90min, daily practice, and reinforcement sessions at one month, 3, 6, and 12 months. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Pre-post measurements using validated and self-administered questionnaires; medium-term (3-6 months) and long-term (>12 months) of the variables: trait anxiety/state anxiety (Status-Trait Anxiety Questionnaire -STAI-); anxiety/depression (Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale -GHQ28-), mindfulness (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire -FFMQ-), reduction of pharmacological treatment (open questions). RESULTS: The study included a final sample of 314 subjects. A statistically significant difference in means was found in the 3 follow-up periods as regards the baseline values for all the scales/subscales. There was a reduction of 54.3% in the taking of anxiolytic/antidepressant baseline medication in the long-term follow-up (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: A moderate reduction of the symptoms, together with the reduction of the medication, indicate that the intervention of mindfulness supervised by the primary care nurse can be a treatment option for the mental disorders common in this level of care.

[Health education in transplant patients and their families in an intensive care unit]. / Educación para la salud en el paciente trasplantado y su familia en una unidad de cuidados intensivos.

Health Education (HE) is extremely important in transplant patients and their families in order to promote suitable self-care in this new stage of life. Intensive Care Units offer various opportunities by nurses in order to improve their Health Education. This process could start in this unit where the interaction between nurse and family is constant. The HE of transplant patient includes three dimensions: Knowledge: information about self-care in order to have a healthy way of life, and getting some information on how to reduce anxiety in patients and their families; Skills: as regards the abilities to properly apply the Health Education, where the families are really important; and finally Attitudes: ambivalent attitudes that are experienced by transplant patients. The objective is to describe the level of development of HE for critical transplant patients and their families from Intensive Care Units. A non-systematic literature review was performed in Pubmed and CINHAL data bases. In conclusion, it is emphasised that the skill of the HE nurse in an Intensive Care Units is important to promote lifestyles appropriate to the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor needs of transplant patients. Its implementation entails positive effects on clinical outcomes of the patient, decreased morbidity and mortality, costs, and health resources.

[Participative action research; self-care education for the mature adult, a dialogic and empowered process]. / Investigación acción participativa; la educación para el autocuidado del adulto maduro, un proceso dialógico y emancipador.

OBJECTIVE: Explore and transform dialogic-reflexive learning processes oriented to self-care, capacitation, empowerment and health promotion for "mature-adult" collective. DESIGN: Participative action research on a qualitative and sociocritic approach. Data generation methods are SITE: Field work focuses on the development of the educational program "Care is in your hands" that takes place in two villages (Primary Care. Comarca Araba). PARTICIPANTS: Through a theoretical sampling involved people who are in a "mature-adult" life stage and three nurses with extensive experience in development health education programs. METHODS: Participant observation where health education sessions are recorded in video and group reflection on action. To triangulate the data, have been made in-depth interviews with 4 participants. Carried out a content and discourse analysis. RESULTS: Participant and nurses' Previous Frameworks, and these last ones' discourses as well, reveal a current technical rationality (unidirectional, informative,.) yet in practice that perpetuates the role of passive recipient of care. Educational keys constructed from a viewpoint of Dialogic Learning emerge as elements that facilitate overcoming these previous frames limitations. Finally, Reflective Learning launched, has provided advance in professional knowledge and improve health education. CONCLUSIONS: Dialogical learning emerges as key to the training and empowerment, where we have seen how practical-reflexive, and not technical, rationality is meanly useful confronting ambiguous and complex situations of self-care practice and education.

Del quirófano a la comunidad: práctica formativa del pregrado en instrumentación quirúrgica en la pandemia por COVID-19 / From the operating room to the community: undergraduate surgical instrumentation training práctice during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introducción: el pregrado en instrumentación quirúrgica (IQ) de la Universidad de Antioquia (Colombia) concibe las prácticas académicas como un componente fundamental en la formación de los estudiantes; estas incluyen actividades como talleres experimentales, observación dirigida y asistencia en áreas quirúrgicas. La emergencia sanitaria desatada por la pandemia del COVID-19 disminuyó en forma drástica las oportunidades de práctica asistencial en instituciones de salud. Material y método: se posibilitó la participación de los estudiantes de IQ en un entorno formativo nuevo para la realización de prácticas, en el LivingLab Telesalud de la facultad de medicina de la Universidad de Antioquia con atención en la línea telefónica 123. Objetivo: de comprender esta experiencia de los estudiantes de IQ en la atención de la pandemia por COVID-19, se realizó una investigación con enfoque cualitativo que consideró la consulta a fuentes vivas y documentales. Resultados y conclusiones: los resultados indican que la práctica favoreció la formación integral del futuro instrumentador quirúrgico, asunto que se soporta en la identificación de dimensiones pedagógicas, curriculares y didácticas que tuvieron lugar en la experiencia; también se evidenciaron algunas oportunidades de mejora que pueden considerarse para futuros procesos formativos.

Introduction: the undergraduate surgical instrumentation (SI) program at Universidad de Antioquia (Colombia) defines academic practices as a fundamental component of training students, by means of activities such as experimental workshops, guided observation and surgical assistance. The health emergency unleashed by the COVID-19 pandemic drastically reduced the opportunities for clinical practice in healthcare institutions. Materials and methods: the participation of SI students was made possible in a new training practice environment using the Telesalud LivingLab of Universidad de Antioquia School of Medicine, through phone number 123. Objetive: a qualitative approach research was carried out to understand this experience in SI students, by consulting live and documentary sources. Results and conclusions: the results indicate that this practice modality favored the comprehensive training of the future surgical technologist. The latter is supported by pedagogical, curricular and didactic dimensions that took place during the experience. Several improvement opportunities, which can be useful in future training processes, were also evidenced.

[Effectiveness of a Decalogue for cardiovascular prevention in diabetics]. / Efectividad del Decálogo de prevención cardiovascular en diabéticos.

INTRODUCTION: To assess the effects of a visual Decalogue aid on the degree of knowledge, control perception and improvement in cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A Primary care randomised non-pharmacological trial of an educational intervention with a parallel control group, and blind evaluation in type 2 diabetic patients. Both groups received an educational intervention on the management of CVRF. The intervention group also received a visual Decalogue aid that showed the level of control patients have over the modifiable CVRF. A total of 50 patients were included in each group in order to identify an improvement of 50% in the multifactorial knowledge of CVRF. All patients received a reminder telephone call at 2 months, with masked evaluation of knowledge and CVRF control perception. In a 6 months visit the level of knowledge and real control of CVRF were re-evaluated. RESULTS: The study included 51 males and 49 females, with mean age of 62.9 years, a mean disease duration of 9.2 years, and low educational level. The level of knowledge, control perception, and real control at baseline was 55%, 80.4%, and 65.9%, respectively. After 2 months the level of knowledge in the Decalogue group increased by 16.5% more than in the conventional education group (73.6% vs. 63.2%; P<.05) and the overestimated control perception improved by 34.5% (P<.001) with no differences between groups, although concordance was better in the Decalogue group. At 6 months there was an overall increase 25.6% (P<.001) in the level of knowledge, with the previous difference between groups levelling off. The final CVRF control improved overall and in the Decalogue group by 6.4% (P<.005) and 9.4% (P<.001), respectively. The SCORE risk significantly decreased overall with no differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS: The educational intervention improves the overall level of knowledge, perception and control of CVRF. The CVRF Decalogue quickly increases the level of knowledge, and decreases the false subjective risk control perception. The benefit, however, becomes equal at 6 months with ongoing education interventions.

Cambios en los conocimientos sobre la relación periodontitis/enfermedades sistémicas. Estudio transversal no analítico

Introducción: Las enfermedades periodontales tienen efectos locales y sistémicos sobre algunas enfermedades sistémicas. Propósito: Identificar cambios después de una jornada informativa preventiva sobre la relación de las EP y las enfermedades sistémicas en un ambiente universitario de carreras del área de la salud. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal no analítico cuyo objeto de estudio fue el cambio de la información obtenida por los participantes de una jornada de educación en salud en una muestra no aleatoria de 264 individuos de facultades de salud diferentes a odontología quienes recibieron encuestas "antes y después". Las variables de los cambios en los conocimientos se evaluaron mediante una escala Likert. Resultados: Antes de la estrategia, el 51,6% consideraban poco importante o que podría ser importante la salud oral como estilo de vida saludable vs un 99.2% al final. El 67.8 % de los sujetos, consideraban que la enfermedad periodontal no compartía factores de riesgo con condiciones sistémicas vs un 92.9%. Se incrementó de un 67.75% a 93.2% el reconocimiento del control del riesgo periodontal como estrategia para incidir en las enfermedades sistémicas. Conclusión: Una estrategia educativa sensibilizar positivamente sobre la importancia de la prevención de las enfermedades periodontales y las condiciones sistémicas.

Introduction: Periodontal diseases have local and systemic effects on some systemic diseases. Purpose: Identify changes after a preventive information session on the relationship between PD and systemic diseases in health faculties. Materials and methods: Non-analytical cross-sectional study whose object was the change in the information obtained by the participants of a health education session in a non-random sample of 264 individuals from health faculties other than dentistry who received "before and after" surveys. The variables were evaluated using a Likert scale. Results: Before the strategy, 51.6% considered oral health to be important for a healthy lifestyle vs. 99.2% at the end of the session. 67.8% of the subjects considered that periodontal disease shared risk factors with systemic conditions before the session vs. 92.9% after it. The recognition of periodontal risk control as a strategy to influence systemic diseases increased from 67.75% to 93.2%. Conclusion: An educational strategy raises a positive awareness of the importance of preventing periodontal diseases and systemic conditions.

Community health training for Family and Community Health Nursing residents in a Multiprofessional Teaching Unit. Three years of experience. / Desarrollo de la competencia de atención comunitaria para residentes de Enfermería Familiar y Comunitaria en una Unidad Docente Multiprofesional provincial. Tres años de experiencia.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the interest of nursing residents in the training areas of Family and Community Nursing (EFyC) at the beginning of their training, to evaluate community activities in health centres and to determine satisfaction with the training received and activities carried out. METHOD: We present the experience of training in the public and community health competencies of EFyC Nursing from 2014 to 2017 in a multiprofessional teaching unit. The training was divided into 3theoretical modules. The training was completed with 2activities: the design and development of a health education programme and an asset mapping in the basic health area. A questionnaire was completed on satisfaction with the course and the activities carried out. RESULT: During this period, 27 residents received training. As part of the training process, 26 health education programmes and 17 asset mappings were conducted in accredited health centres. The areas of intervention addressed were: lifestyles, life transitions and health problems. The overall satisfaction with the course was 4.5 ±.1 out of 5. CONCLUSIONS: The results show a high degree of interest in this area, as well as high evaluation of the activities carried out and the training received. Training in community health and health education during the period of residence is essential to include these competencies in the professional role. The dedication and involvement of the multiprofessional teaching units is essential in the development of these competences, training the residents through the integration of a biopsychosocial approach, community health and teamwork in primary care.

Creation and validation of a scale of sexuality for adolescents: Scale of Myths about Sexuality.

INTRODUCTION: In recent decades western countries have become more open about sexuality and sexual relations, and adolescents get information about these issues mainly through the internet, TV and social networks. Often such information is incomplete, wrong or even contradicts itself. What favors them to develop myths, false beliefs and/or negative attitudes about sexuality, love, equality in relationships, or Sexually Transmitted Infections. At the same time, the presence of myths favors double standards, sexism, and a negative attitude toward toward personal, partner and/or social sexuality. OBJECTIVES: To create a scale for evaluating the permanence of myths about sexuality in adolescents, and to analyze the structural reliability and validity of this scale. METHOD: The sample was formed by a pilot group (n=216) and a final group (n=661), both with adolescents from high schools in the province of Malaga, obtained by non-probability cluster sampling. The first 69 initial items were given to the pilot sample to determine the final questions making up the "Escala de Mitos sobre la Sexualidad". RESULT: All final items have an item-total correlation over 0.29. A final questionnaire was obtained of 27 items, grouped into 6 components. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient indicated a high internal consistency of the test (0.881). Moreover, it confirms a significant difference between the sexes and between grades (cohorts). CONCLUSION: The Scale has appropriate parameters for use in sex education and research. The use of this scale would help to discover adherence to the myths of adolescents, in order to eliminate them and build a solid, free and personal concept of sexuality.

Fortalecendo a Atuação dos Profissionais do Programa Saúde na Escola: interface com o PET-Saúde / Strengthening the Performance of Professionals in the School Health Program: interface with PET-Saúde / Fortalecimiento del Desempeño de los Profesionales del Programa de Salud Escolar: interfaz con PET-Saúde

Objetivo: Relatar a experiência de bolsistas do PET-Saúde, em parceria com o Núcleo de Pesquisa e Extensão em Ensino de Ciências da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, no planejamento e execução de capacitações para fortalecer a atuação dos profissionais de saúde que atuam no Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE). Método: Trata-se de um relato de experiência, de caráter descritivo, cujas atividades foram organizadas em duas etapas: 1) Realização de um Curso de formação de Educação à Distância. 2) Ministração de capacitações para o PSE vinculado à Secretaria Municipal de Feira de Santana, Bahia. Resultados: Na etapa 01, a equipe do PET Saúde participou de uma capacitação para a inovação no ensino na saúde. Na etapa 02, a partir dos conceitos trabalhados na primeira etapa, foram ministradas quatro capacitações para os profissionais de saúde do PSE, onde foram abordados temas inerentes ao programa. Tais capacitações alcançaram 211 participantes, na perspectiva de possibilitar uma atuação qualificada e eficiente junto ao Programa. Conclusão: As capacitações realizadas proporcionaram uma experiência positiva para os participantes, bem como para os bolsistas do PET Saúde, os quais tiveram a oportunidade de contribuir para a melhoria das atividades desenvolvidas pelos profissionais que atuam no PSE.

Objective: To report the experience of PET-Saúde scholarship holders, in partnership with the Center for Research and Extension in Science Teaching at the State University of Feira de Santana, in planning and executing training to strengthen the performance of health professionals who work in the School Health Program (PSE). Method: This is an experience report, of a descriptive nature, whose activities were organized in two stages: 1) Carrying out a Distance Education training course. 2) Provision of training for the PSE linked to the Municipal Secretariat of Feira de Santana, Bahia. Results: In stage 01, the PET Saúde team participated in training for innovation in health education. In stage 02, based on the concepts worked on in the first stage, four training courses were given to PSE health professionals, where themes inherent to the program were addressed. Such training reached 211 participants, with the aim of enabling qualified and efficient action within the Program. Conclusion: The training provided provided a positive experience for the participants, as well as for the PET Saúde scholarship holders, who had the opportunity to contribute to the improvement of the activities carried out by professionals working in the PSE

Objetivo: Relatar la experiencia de becarios del PET-Saúde, en colaboración con el Centro de Investigación y Extensión en Enseñanza de las Ciencias de la Universidad Estadual de Feira de Santana, en la planificación y ejecución de capacitaciones para fortalecer el desempeño de los profesionales de la salud que actúan en el Programa de Salud Escolar (PSE). Método: Se trata de un relato de experiencia, de carácter descriptivo, cuyas actividades se organizaron en dos etapas: 1) Realización de un curso de formación en Educación a Distancia. 2) Provisión de capacitación para el PSE vinculado a la Secretaría Municipal de Feira de Santana, Bahía. Resultados: En la etapa 01, el equipo de PET Saúde participó de una capacitación para la innovación en educación en salud. En la etapa 02, a partir de los conceptos trabajados en la primera etapa, se impartieron cuatro cursos de capacitación a profesionales de la salud del PSE, donde se abordaron temas inherentes al programa. Dicha capacitación alcanzó a 211 participantes, con el objetivo de posibilitar una actuación cualificada y eficiente dentro del Programa. Conclusión: La capacitación brindada proporcionó una experiencia positiva para los participantes, así como para los becarios del PET Saúde, que tuvieron la oportunidad de contribuir para la mejora de las actividades realizadas por los profesionales que actúan en el PSE.

Modalidades de administración de un cuestionario referido a hábitos de salud bucal: análisis de concordancia / Modalities for the administration of a questionnaire on oral health habits: a concordance analysis

Objetivo: Analizar las diferencias entre dos modali-dades de administración de un instrumento, autoad-ministrado o guiado por un investigador, aplicados a tutores legales de infantes de una institución educa-tiva. Materiales y Métodos: muestra de 130 tutores legales de niños/as (3 y 5 años) pertenecientes a un jardín de infantes municipal de Avellaneda. Se aplicó un instrumento de recolección de datos sobre hábi-tos de salud bucal constituido por 14 preguntas sim-ples, múltiples y cerradas. La entrega y devolución del instrumento fue a través de la institución. A los 2 meses se convocó a la misma población para comple-tar el mismo instrumento guiado por un investigador. Se evaluó: porcentajede concurrentes e instrumen-tos respondidos totalmente (modalidad autoadminis-trada), porcentaje de concurrentes que completaron el instrumento guiado y concordancia total y por res-puesta de las 2 modalidades. Se analizaron frecuen-cias y porcentajes. Para comparar la concordancia se utilizó Kappa global y Kappa de Cohen para cada pregunta. Resultados: 76,9% de tutores legales res-pondieron en la modalidad autoadministrada y 48,5% la guiada por el investigador. El 80,0% respondió la totalidad de las preguntas del instrumento autoad-ministrado. Al comparar las respuestas para ambas modalidades, no se observaron diferencias signifi-cativas en la totalidad de las mismas. Al analizar las respuestas solo 3 de las 14 preguntas tuvieron una concordancia menor (0,70). Conclusión: Para la po-blación estudiada, la forma autoadministrada tuvo mayor tasa de respuesta que la guiada por un inves-tigador, sin que se registren diferencias en las res-puestas de ambas formas de administración (AU)

Objective: Analyze the differences between two methods of administration of an instrument, self-administered or guided by a researcher, applied to legal guardians of infants in an educational institution. Materials and Methods: Population 130 legal guardians of children (3 and 5 years old) belonging to a municipal kindergarten in Avellaneda. A data collection instrument on oral health habits was applied, consisting of 14 simple, multiple, and closed questions. The delivery and return of the instrument was through the institution. After 2 months, the same population was called to complete the same instrument guided by a researcher. The following were evaluated: percentage of participants and instruments fully answered (self-administered mode), percentage of participants who completed the guided instrument. The total and response agreement of the 2 modalities was evaluated. Frequencies and percentages were analyzed. To compare agreement, global Kappa was used, and Cohen's Kappa was used for each question. Results: 76.9% of legal guardians responded to the self-administered modality and 48.5% to the one guided by the researcher. 80.0% answered all the questions of the self-administered instrument. When comparing the responses for both modalities, no significant differences were observed in all of them. When analyzing the answers, only 3 of the 14 questions had a lower agreement (0.70). Conclusion: For the population studied, the self-administered form had a higher response rate than the one guided by a researcher, with no differences recorded in the responses of both forms of administration (AU)

Validação do conteúdo de uma tecnologia cuidativo-educacional para mulheres que consomem substâncias psicoativas / Content validation of a care-educational technology for women psychoactive consumers / Validación del contenido de una tecnología cuidativo-educacional para mujeres consumidoras de sustancias psicoactivas

RESUMO: Objetivo: construir e validar o conteúdo de uma Tecnologia Cuidativo-Educacional para mulheres que consomem substâncias psicoativas. Método: pesquisa metodológica conduzida no município de São Paulo, dezembro de 2022 a março de 2023, pelo mapeamento da literatura, elaboração dos temas geradores, escolha da ferramenta base com dinâmica de uso e validação de conteúdo quanto aos aspectos: reflexão, relevância, compreensão e adequação em duas rodadas. Participaram 15 especialistas com índice de concordância estabelecido de 80%. Resultados: 48 cartas foram submetidas à validação. Na primeira rodada, sete cartas não atingiram o índice mínimo. Ao final da segunda rodada, 47 cartas em todas as suas categorias individuais tiveram concordância maior que o estabelecido. Conclusão: os especialistas apontaram a relevância, pertinência dos temas e o potencial para auxiliar os profissionais a intervir de forma mais assertiva ante as necessidades do público-alvo.

ABSTRACT Objective: To build and validate the content of a Care-Educational Technology for women who consume psychoactive substances. Method: Methodological research conducted in the municipality of São Paulo, December 2022 to March 2023 by mapping the literature, drawing up the generating themes, choosing the base tool with dynamics of use, and validating the content in terms of aspects: reflection, relevance, understanding, and suitability in two rounds. Fifteen experts took part, with an agreement rate of 80%. Results: 48 letters were submitted for validation. In the first round, seven cards failed to reach the minimum index. At the end of the second round, 47 cards in all their categories had more agreement than the established level. Conclusion: The experts pointed out the relevance and pertinence of the topics and their potential to help professionals intervene more assertively in the face of the target audience's needs.

RESUMEN Objetivo: construir y validar el contenido de una tecnología educativo-asistencial para mujeres consumidoras de sustancias psicoactivas. Método: investigación metodológica realizada en el municipio de São Paulo, de diciembre de 2022 a marzo de 2023, mediante el mapeo de la literatura, la elaboración de los temas generadores, la elección de la herramienta básica con dinámica de uso y la validación del contenido en cuanto a los aspectos: reflexión, pertinencia, comprensión e idoneidad en dos rondas. Participaron quince expertos, con una tasa de acuerdo del 80%. Resultados: Se presentaron 48 cartas para su validación. En la primera ronda, siete cartas no alcanzaron el índice mínimo. Al final de la segunda ronda, 47 cartas en todas sus categorías individuales tenían más acuerdo del establecido. Conclusión: los expertos señalaron la relevancia y pertinencia de los temas y su potencial para ayudar a los profesionales a intervenir de forma más asertiva ante las necesidades de los destinatarios.

Construção e validação de História em Quadrinhos para crianças com leucemia linfoide aguda / Construcción y validación de Cómics a niños con leucemia linfocítica aguda / Construction and validation of Comics at children with acute lymphocytic leukemia

Resumo Introdução O câncer tem impacto na vida das crianças e seus familiares. As Histórias em Quadrinhos podem ser uma estratégia de fortalecer o vínculo e a comunicação entre profissional/paciente/família. Objetivo Desenvolver e validar um material instrucional/educativo, no formato de Histórias em Quadrinhos, voltada para crianças hospitalizadas com leucemia linfóide aguda. Metodologia Estudo metodológico desenvolvido em nove etapas: elaboração do projeto de pesquisa; definição e seleção do conteúdo; adaptação da linguagem; inclusão de ilustrações; construção de um material piloto; validação do material; layout; impressão final e disponibilização. A validação ocorreu com 10 especialistas entre março e maio de 2022, utilizando-se o Instrumento de Validação de Conteúdo Educativo em Saúde. Resultados Foram elaboradas 5 Histórias em Quadrinhos, com 6 personagens principais, sendo necessárias 63 horas de trabalho. Elas foram divididas por temáticas (distúrbios gastrointestinais; cistite hemorrágica; problemas relacionados a autoestima e autoimagem; risco de infecção e dor óssea) que obtiveram Índice de Validade de Conteúdo global satisfatório entre 0,78 e 0,87. Conclusões e implicações para a prática As histórias em quadrinhos podem ser utilizadas como fonte atrativa e confiável de informações sobre a doença, servindo como apoio às informações durante a internação hospitalar e o preparo para alta.

Resumen Introducción El cáncer tiene un impacto en la vida de los niños y sus familias. Los cómics pueden ser una estrategia para fortalecer el vínculo y la comunicación entre profesional/paciente/familia. Objetivo Desarrollar y validar un material didáctico/educativo, en formato de Historietas, dirigido a niños hospitalizados con leucemia linfocítica aguda. Metodología Estudio metodológico desarrollado en nueve etapas: elaboración del proyecto de investigación; definición y selección de contenidos; adaptación lingüística; inclusión de ilustraciones; construcción de un material piloto; validación del material; disposición; impresión final y disponibilidad. La validación se realizó con 10 especialistas entre marzo y mayo de 2022, utilizando el Instrumento de Validación de Contenido de Educación en Salud. Resultados Se crearon 5 Comics, con 6 personajes principales, requiriendo 63 horas de trabajo. Fueron divididos por temas (trastornos gastrointestinales; cistitis hemorrágica; problemas relacionados con la autoestima y la autoimagen; riesgo de infección y dolor óseo) que obtuvieron un Índice de Validez de Contenido global satisfactorio entre 0,78 y 0,87. Conclusiones e implicaciones para la práctica Los cómics pueden ser utilizados como una fuente atractiva y confiable de información sobre la enfermedad, apoyando información durante la hospitalización y preparación para el alta.

Abstract Introduction Cancer has an impact on the lives of children and their families. Comics can be a strategy to strengthen the bond and communication between professional/patient/family. Objective To develop and validate an instructional/educational material, in the format of Comics, aimed at children hospitalized with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Methodology Methodological study developed in nine stages: preparation of the research project; content definition and selection; language adaptation; inclusion of illustrations; construction of a pilot material; validation of the material; layout; final printing and availability. Validation took place with 10 specialists between March and May 2022, using the Health Education Content Validation Instrument. Results 5 Comics were created, with 6 main characters, requiring 63 hours of work. They were divided by themes (gastrointestinal disorders; hemorrhagic cystitis; problems related to self-esteem and self-image; risk of infection and bone pain) that obtained a satisfactory global Content Validity Index between 0.78 and 0.87. Conclusions and implications for practice Comics can be used as an attractive and reliable source of information about the disease, supporting information during hospitalization and preparation for discharge.

Ensino remoto de educação em saúde na pós-graduação em saúde coletiva: possibilidades no contexto da pandemia de covid-19 / Remote teaching of health education in the postgraduate program in collective health: possibilities in the context of the covid-19 pandemic / Enseñanza a distância de educación para la salud en el posgrado en salud colectiva: posibilidades en el contexto de la pandemia del covid-19

O ensino remoto emergencial ocasionou mudanças no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, requisitando criatividade e incorporação de novas estratégias pedagógicas. Aqui, o objetivo é descrever a experiência de ensino-aprendizagem na disciplina educação em saúde, no contexto da pandemia de covid-19. Trata-se de um relato de experiência sobre o ensino remoto de educação em saúde no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Estadual do Ceará, no período letivo 2021.1. A disciplina foi ministrada por meio da plataforma Google Meet®, adotando-se estratégias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem. Os conteúdos mostraram--se relevantes. Ademais, a experiência promoveu a articulação teórico-prática, valorizou os saberes prévios dos pós-graduandos e estimulou a interatividade. Buscou-se superar o modelo tradicional de ensino, com vistas a propiciar autonomia e uma aprendizagem significativa. Os desafios encontrados e as possibilidades identificadas permitem a reflexão sobre a práxis docente, no que tange ao estímulo à participação e ao engajamento discente em ambiente virtual, além da incorporação de estratégias ativas de ensino, sobretudo no ensino remoto.

Emergency remote teaching caused changes in the teaching-learning process, requiring creativity and the incorporation of new pedagogical strategies. Here, the objective is to describe the teaching-learning experience in the health education discipline, in the context of the covid-19 pandemic. This is an experience report on remote teaching of health education in the postgraduate program in public health, at the Ceará State University, Brazil, in the 2021.1 academic period. The classes were given using the Google Meet® platform, adopting active teaching-learning strategies. The contents proved to be relevant. Moreover, the experience promoted theoretical-practical articulation, valued the prior knowledge of the postgraduate students and encouraged interactivity. We sought to overcome the traditional teaching model, in order to provide autonomy and a meaningful learning. The challenges experienced and the possibilities identified allow reflection on teaching practice in terms of encouraging student participation and engagement in a virtual environment, in addition to the incorporation of active teaching strategies in especially remote teaching.

La educación remota de emergencia provocó cambios en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, requiriendo creatividad y la incorporación de nuevas estrategias pedagógicas. El objetivo aquí es describir la experiencia de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la disciplina educación para la salud, en el contexto de la pandemia covid-19. Se trata de un relato de experiencia sobre la enseñanza remota de educación para la salud en el programa de posgrado en Salud Pública, de la Universidad Estadual de Ceará, en el período académico 2021.1. El curso se impartió utilizando la plataforma Google Meet®, adoptando estrategias activas de enseñanza-aprendi-zaje. Los contenidos han demonstrado ser relevantes. Además, la experiencia fomentó la articulación teó-rico-práctica, valoró los conocimientos previos de los estudiantes de posgrado y impulsó la interactividad. Buscamos superar el modelo de enseñanza tradicional, con el propósito de proporcionar autonomía y un aprendizaje significativo. Los desafíos enfrentados y las posibilidades identificadas permiten reflexionar sobre la práctica docente, en relación a incentivar la participación y el compromiso de los estudiantes en un ambiente virtual, además de la incorporación de estrategias activas en la enseñanza remota.

Usability of the ROBOVID mobile app for health education about COVID-19 / Usabilidad de la aplicación móvil ROBOVID para educación en salud acerca de la covid-19 / Usabilidade do aplicativo móvel ROBOVID para educação em saúde acerca da COVID-19

Objective: to evaluate the usability of the ROBOVID mobile application for health education about COVID-19. Method: methodological study with an applied quantitative approach, developed with 21 adults, using an electronic form. Usability was assessed using the System Usability Scale. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software was used to analyze the data. Results: the overall average score on the System Usability Scale questionnaire was 87.3, which classifies the usability of the ROBOVID application as the best achievable. Furthermore, the application has high scores for ease of memorization, user satisfaction and ease of getting to know the system, as well as excellent scores for absence of errors and speed in carrying out the tasks set. Conclusion: the ROBOVID application complies with the principles of usability in terms of efficiency, effectiveness and satisfaction in the evaluation of end users, showing that the application meets consumer needs in terms of its functionalities, demonstrating its viability in terms of the initial objectives.

Objetivo: evaluar la usabilidad de la aplicación móvil ROBOVID para educación en salud acerca de la COVID-19. Método: estudio metodológico con enfoque cuantitativo aplicado, desarrollado con 21 adultos, mediante formulario electrónico. La evaluación de la usabilidad se llevó a cabo mediante la System Usability Scale. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences . Resultados: la media global por el cuestionario System Usability Scale fue de 87,3, lo que clasifica la usabilidad de la aplicación ROBOVID como mejor alcanzable. Además, la aplicación presenta índices elevados para facilidad de memorización, satisfacción del usuario y facilidad de conocimiento del sistema, además de excelentes índices para ausencia de errores y rapidez en la ejecución de las tareas establecidas. Conclusión: la aplicación ROBOVID posee conformidad con los principios de usabilidad en los criterios de eficiencia, eficacia y satisfacción en la evaluación de los usuarios finales, explicando que la aplicación satisface las necesidades de consumo frente a sus funcionalidades, demostrando su viabilidad en cuanto a los objetivos iniciales.

Objetivo: avaliar a usabilidade do aplicativo móvel ROBOVID para educação em saúde acerca da COVID-19. Método: estudo metodológico com abordagem quantitativa aplicado, desenvolvido com 21 adultos, por meio de formulário eletrônico. A avaliação da usabilidade ocorreu por meio da System Usability Scale . Para análise dos dados utilizou-se o software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences . Resultados: a média global pelo questionário System Usability Scale foi de 87,3, o que classifica a usabilidade do aplicativo ROBOVID como melhor alcançável. Ademais, o aplicativo apresenta índices elevados para facilidade de memorização, satisfação do usuário e facilidade de conhecimento do sistema, além de excelentes índices para ausência de erros e rapidez na execução das tarefas estabelecidas. Conclusão: o aplicativo ROBOVID possui conformidade com os princípios de usabilidade nos critérios de eficiência, eficácia e satisfação na avaliação dos usuários-finais, explicitando que o aplicativo atende às necessidades de consumo frente a suas funcionalidades, demostrando sua viabilidade no que tange aos objetivos iniciais.

Salud bucal en la primera infancia: estrategia con agentes educativas y acudientes / Oral health in early childhood: strategy with educational agents and guardians

Introducción: la dentición temporal es esencial para la nutrición, habla y autoestima. Los niños y niñas menores de 5 años no poseen habilidades motoras para efectuar higiene bucal por sí mismos. Objetivo: diseñar e implementar una estrategia educativa para la promoción de la salud bucal en la primera infancia con agentes educativas y acudientes de los niños y niñas que asisten a los hogares comunitarios del Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar en Santa Rosa de Cabal (Colombia) en el 2019. Materiales y métodos: investigación cualitativa, diseño investigación-acción. Muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, participaron 25 agentes educativas y 55 acudientes. Técnicas de investigación empleadas: grupos focales y talleres pedagógicos. Para analizar los datos se usó Análisis Temático. Resultados: se desarrolló en 3 fases. 1) los/as participantes expresaron que tener salud bucal consiste en la adecuada higiene, aunque todos/as conocían la caries, los cuidadores no la comprendían como una patología, las agentes educativas percibieron tener alta capacidad de autoeficacia para contribuir a la salud bucal de los niños/as. 2) En los talleres pedagógicos se resolvieron inquietudes en temas como crecimiento y desarrollo del sistema estomatognático, enfermedades bucales, entre otros. 3) Las agentes educativas aprendieron la relación de la salud bucal con lactancia materna, asimismo las causas y consecuencias de las patologías bucales, y replicaron lo aprendido. Conclusiones: se recomienda el desarrollo de estrategias educativas guiadas por modelos teóricos y con metodologías participativas, adaptadas a las necesidades y contextos de las comunidades, pues se requiere producir conocimiento situado y con aceptabilidad cultural.

Introduction: Primary dentition is essential for nutrition, speech, and self-esteem. Children under the age of 5 do not have the motor skills to perform oral hygiene on their own. Objective: To design and implement an educational strategy to promote oral health in early childhood with educators and parents/guardians of children attending the community homes of the Colombian Family Welfare Institute in Santa Rosa de Cabal (Colombia) in 2019. Materials and methods: Qualitative, action research design. Non-probability convenience sampling was used. Twenty-five educators and 55 parents/guardians participated. Focus groups and pedagogical workshops were the research techniques used. Thematic analysis was performed for data analysis. Results: It was conducted in three phases: 1) Participants expressed that oral health is about proper hygiene. Although all were aware of caries, the caregivers did not understand it as a pathology. The educators perceived that they had high self-efficacy to contribute to children's oral health; 2) in the pedagogical workshops, concerns were resolved on topics such as growth and development of the stomatognathic system, oral diseases, among others, and 3) the educators learned about the relationship between oral health and breastfeeding, as well as the causes and consequences of oral pathologies, and reproduced what they learned. Conclusions: The development of educational strategies based on theoretical models and participatory methods adapted to the needs and contexts of the communities is recommended since it is necessary to produce situated knowledge with cultural acceptance.

Introdução: a dentição temporária é essencial para nutrição, fala e autoestima. Meninos e meninas menores de 5 anos não possuem habilidades motoras para realizar a higiene bucal sozinhos. Objetivo: desenhar e implementar uma estratégia educativa para a promoção da saúde bucal na primeira infância com agentes educativos e responsáveis dos meninos e meninas que frequentam as casas comunitárias do Instituto Colombiano de Bem-Estar Familiar em Santa Rosa de Cabal (Colômbia) em 2019. Materiais e Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, desenho de pesquisa-ação. Amostragem não probabilística por conveniência, participaram 25 agentes educativos e 55 responsáveis. Técnicas de pesquisa utilizadas: grupos focais e seminários educativos. Para analisar os dados se usou Análises Temático. Resultados: foi desenvolvido em 3 fases. 1) os participantes expressaram que ter saúde bucal consiste em higiene adequada, embora todos soubessem sobre a cárie, os cuidadores não a entendiam como uma patologia, os agentes educativos percebiam que tinham alta capacidade de autoeficácia para contribuir com a saúde bucal das crianças 2) Nos seminários educativos foram sanadas dúvidas sobre temas como crescimento e desenvolvimento do sistema estomatognático, doenças bucais, entre outros. 3) Os agentes educativos aprenderam a relação entre saúde oral e amamentação, bem como as causas e consequências das patologias orais, e replicaram o que aprenderam. Conclusões: Recomenda-se o desenvolvimento de estratégias educativas pautadas em modelos teóricos e com metodologias participativas, adaptadas às necessidades e contextos das comunidades, pois é necessário produzir conhecimento situado com aceitabilidade cultural.

Elaboração de algoritmo para interpretação rápidadas principais arritmias cardíacas no eletrocardiograma / Algorithm Elaboration For Quick Interpretation Of The Main Heart Arrythmias In The Electrocardiogram

Objetivo: relatar a elaboração de um algoritmo para facilitar a interpretação rápida das principais arritmias cardíacas no eletrocardiograma. Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, do tipo relato de experiência, realizado mediante um projeto de intervenção em educação em saúde durante o ano de 2021. Resultados: a elaboração do algoritmo denominado Scaritmo contribuiu para sistematizar as etapas de identificação de arritmias cardíacas, favorecendo o processo didático e aprendizado dos estudantes e otimizando a interpretação rápida do eletrocardiograma. Conclusão: o uso do algoritmo Scaritmo permite a sistematização teórico-prática das etapas necessárias para a interpretação do eletrocardiograma tornando sua avaliação mais didática e assertiva pelo examinador em treinamento.(AU)

Objective: to report the development of an algorithm to facilitate the rapid interpretation of the main cardiac arrhythmias in electrocardiogram. Method: a descriptive, exploratory study with qualitative approach, of experience report type, conducted through an intervention project in health education during the year 2021. Results: The development of the algorithm called Scaritmo contributed to systematize the steps of cardiac arrhythmia identification, favoring the didactic process and student learning, and optimizing the rapid interpretation of the electrocardiogram. Conclusion: The use of the Scaritm algorithm allows the theoretical and practical systematization of the steps necessary for the interpretation of electrocardiograms, making its evaluation more didactic and assertive by the examiner in training.(AU)

Objetivo: relatar el desarrollo de un algoritmo para facilitar la interpretación rápida de las principales arritmias cardíacas en electrocardiograma. Método: estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, con abordaje cualitativo, de tipo relato de experiencia, realizado a través de un proyecto de intervención en educación para la salud durante el año 2021. Resultados: el desarrollo del algoritmo denominado Scaritmo contribuyó para sistematizar los pasos de identificación de arritmias cardíacas, favoreciendo el proceso didáctico y el aprendizaje de los alumnos y optimizando la rápida interpretación del electrocardiograma. Conclusión: El uso del algoritmo Scaritmo permite la sistematización teórica y práctica de los pasos necesarios para la interpretación del electrocardiograma, tornando su evaluación más didáctica y asertiva por el examinador en formación.(AU)

Inicio de la enseñanza de la Fisiología en Chile

Este trabajo pretende dar a conocer el inicio y desarrollo temprano de los estudios fisiológicos en Chile. La fisiología, como disciplina científica, se comenzó a enseñar desde el momento mismo de la fundación de la Escuela de Medicina en 1833 asociada estrechamente a la anatomía e higiene. Las tres disciplinas eran enseñadas por el mismo catedrático. Su primer profesor fue el destacado anatomista chileno Pedro Morán, a quien continuaron los profesores Dr. Julio Francisco Lafargue y Dr. Vicente Padín del Valle. En un segundo período (1868-1901), la enseñanza de la fisiología se debilitó fuertemente, pues fue enseñada por varios médicos clínicos que no conocían en profundidad esta disciplina. Luego de este período inicial (1833-1900), que podríamos denominar etapa teórica, nació la denominada fisiología experimental con Teodoro Muhm, la cual, mediante clases con demostraciones experimentales y luego trabajos prácticos, intentaba acercar al alumno a la realidad del fenómeno fisiológico.

This work intends to present the beginning and early development of physiological studies in Chile. Physiology, as a scientific discipline, began to be taught from the moment the School of Medicine was founded in 1833, closely associated with anatomy and hygiene. The three disciplines were taught by the same professor. His first professor was the outstanding Chilean anatomist Pedro Morán, who was continued by the outstanding professors Dr. Julio Francisco Lafargue and Dr. Vicente Padín del Valle. In a second period (1868-1901), the teaching of physiology was severely weakened, as it was taught by various clinicians who did not know this discipline in depth. After this initial period (1833-1900), which we could call the theoretical stage, the so-called experimental physiology was born, which, through classes with experimental demonstrations and then practical work, tried to bring the student closer to the reality of the physiological phenomenon.

Health care and therapeutic education program for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: A new approach in primary care. / Programa de atención y educación terapéutica en el debut de la diabetes tipo 2: un nuevo modelo de abordaje en atención primaria.

INTRODUCTION: Despite the favorable evidence available, our public health care system has no specific programs including therapeutic education for patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), which would be crucial for the subsequent course of the disease. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of a "Health care and Therapeutic Education Program for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (PAET-Debut DM2)" agreed by the primary care centers and the reference hospital in a given geographical area. METHODS: A prospective pilot study in patients over 18 years of age diagnosed with T2DM between February 2012 and 2013. The PAET-DebutDM2 is planned and set up in four primary care centers in the area covered by Hospital Clínic in Barcelona. Reference persons (family doctor and nurse) are designated at each center and specific training is provided to standardize the clinical processes and therapeutic education methods. First results are assessed and compared at 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: The program was proposed to 345 patients, of which 191 (55.3%) were enrolled in it and 134 (70.2%) completed the program. At the end of the program, 84% achieved the control goal (HbA1c <7%) and 88% passed the screening of chronic complications. Improvements were seen in body weight, physical activity (p<0,001), and disease awareness (p<0.05), and there were less hospital emergencies due to DM as compared to patients not included in the program (p=0.023). CONCLUSION: The PAET-DebutDM2 standardizes intervention and education and is effective in terms of clinical and educational results and patient satisfaction. The program emphasizes the importance of early education and intervention, reorganizing resources without increasing care pressure in the primary care centers, thus reducing hospital care.