A versatile functional interaction between electrically silent KV subunits and KV7 potassium channels.

Voltage-gated K+ (KV) channels govern K+ ion flux across cell membranes in response to changes in membrane potential. They are formed by the assembly of four subunits, typically from the same family. Electrically silent KV channels (KVS), however, are unable to conduct currents on their own. It has been assumed that these KVS must obligatorily assemble with subunits from the KV2 family into heterotetrameric channels, thereby giving rise to currents distinct from those of homomeric KV2 channels. Herein, we show that KVS subunits indeed also modulate the activity, biophysical properties and surface expression of recombinant KV7 isoforms in a subunit-specific manner. Employing co-immunoprecipitation, and proximity labelling, we unveil the spatial coexistence of KVS and KV7 within a single protein complex. Electrophysiological experiments further indicate functional interaction and probably heterotetramer formation. Finally, single-cell transcriptomic analyses identify native cell types in which this KVS and KV7 interaction may occur. Our findings demonstrate that KV cross-family interaction is much more versatile than previously thought-possibly serving nature to shape potassium conductance to the needs of individual cell types.

Triadic family interactions at 2 years: The role of prenatal marital quality and infants' attachment configuration with mother and father.

This longitudinal study uncovered prenatal marital antecedents of infants' attachment configurations with both mother and father at 12-15 months (n = 125). We also examined the contribution of both marital quality and infants' attachment configurations (secure with both parents, insecure with both parents, secure with mother-insecure with father, and insecure with mother-secure with father) to the quality of triadic (mother-father-toddler) interactions observed two years post-birth. Couples who displayed less negative affectivity and were more emotionally attuned were more likely to have infants securely attached with father and insecurely attached with mother (vs. insecure with both parents) and they engaged in more adaptive family interactions at two years. Also, a secure infant-father attachment relationship forecast more balanced triadic family interactions, regardless of whether the infant-mother attachment was secure or insecure. In contrast, a secure infant-mother attachment relationship was related to less controlling behavior during triadic interactions, regardless of infant-father attachment security.

Protective Buffering: Nurses Facilitating Communication Between Adults With Cancer and Their Adult Family Caregivers Who Overprotect One Another-An Integrative Review.

The aim of this study was to explore how nurses can alleviate protective buffering between adult patients with cancer and their adult family caregivers (PROSPERO No. CRD42020207072). An integrative review was conducted. PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for primary research articles published between January 2010 and April 2022. Only research conducted in oncology, hematology, or multiple settings and investigating communication between adult patients with cancer and their adult family caregivers and/or the communication between patients, family caregivers, and nurses was included. The constant comparison method outlined the approach to the analysis and synthesis of the included studies. Titles and abstracts of 7,073 references were screened; 22 articles (19 qualitative and three quantitative studies) were included in the review. Three themes emerged during data analysis: (a) family coping, (b) an isolating journey, and (c) the nurse's role. A study limitation was that "protective buffering" is not a common term in the nursing literature. There is a need for further research on protective buffering in families with cancer, particularly on psychosocial interventions that focus on the whole family across various cancer types.

[Family Functioning, Interpersonal Problems and Symptom Severity in Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa - Comparison of Female Patients and Highschool Students]. / Familienbeziehungen, interpersonelle Probleme und Symptomausprägung bei Anorexia und Bulimia nervosa ­ Patientinnen und Schülerinnen im Vergleich.

Interrelations between dysfunctional family interaction and interpersonal problems and eating behaviors as well as psychic impairment are investigated by comparing a non-clinical sample of N = 97 female highschool students to N = 115 patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and N = 101 patients with bulimia nervosa (BN) of a specialised outpatient unit. 19,7 % of the highschool students showed clinically significant eating behaviors. 32,3 % of the highschoolstudents, 35,5 % of the patients with AN and 48,1 % of the patients with BN had committed non-suicidal self-injurious behaviour at least once. All diagnostic instruments applied were able to differentiate the patients with BN from the patients with AN and the highschool students. Patients with BN showed more impairment by their eating disorder, more psychic symptoms, more dysfunctional family relations and more interpersonal problems than patients with AN and controls. Dysfunctional family interaction, interpersonal problems, and their interaction predicted general psychological strain, eating problems and the relative desired weight in a synergetic way. Self-injurious behavior was best predicted by psychic strain, depending on dysfunctional family and interpersonal relations and their interaction. Patients with AN tend to present themselves and their interpersonal relations in a positive way. Future studies using more specific measurements should re-examine the prevalences of self-injurious behaviours in non-clinical adolescent samples, which is to be focussed more intensely in adolescents as well as eating disorders should.

Stress, anxiety and depression among gastronomes: association with workplace mobbing and work-family interaction.

INTRODUCTION: The work in commercial restaurant kitchens is characterized by many labor´s demands and strict commands that can cause damage to the mental health of gastronomes. The aim of this study was to verify the presence of stress, anxiety, and depression among gastronomy workers and associate them with the presence of mobbing at work. Still, it sought to evaluate the work-family interference and test its mediating role in the relationship between mobbing and psychopathology indicators. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is an observational-analytical, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, in which 160 gastronomes participated (59.4% women), with an average age of 30.81 years. All answered a Sociodemographic and Labor Data Questionnaire, Negative Acts at Work Questionnaire, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale, and Work-Family Interaction Scale, whose data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: A positive association was found between bullying and indicators of stress, anxiety, and depression, as well as negative interference between work-family and family-work with the same indicators. It was also observed the mediating effect of negative interference from work in family, in the relationship between mobbing and indicators of stress, anxiety, and depression. CONCLUSION: It was concluded, therefore, that the experience of mobbing affects the family and intensifies the psychological illness in gastronomes.

Relationships of Family Emotional Support and Negative Family Interactions with the Quality of Life among Chinese People with Mental Illness and the Mediating Effect of Internalized Stigma.

This study aimed to investigate the relationships of family emotional support and negative family interactions with the quality of life among Chinese people with mental illness. Furthermore, it examined the mediating role of internalized stigma in these relationships. One hundred and twenty-five Chinese adults with mental illness were recruited from community mental health service centers in Hong Kong. The results show that both family emotional support and negative family interactions were related to the quality of life. Negative family interactions had a stronger effect on the quality of life compared to family emotional support. Internalized stigma partially mediated the relationship between negative family interactions and the quality of life. These findings suggest that, for Chinese people with mental illness, interventions aimed at promoting quality of life should consider enhancing family emotional support and reducing negative family interactions. In addition, mental health service providers could consider using family approaches to address internalized stigma in the effort of improving the quality of life for their service users.

Workaholism, engagement and family interaction: Comparative study in portuguese and spanish nurses.

AIM: To identify and compare workaholism, engagement and family interaction levels among Portuguese and Spanish nurses. BACKGROUND: The contribution of nursing management and leadership to workers' health and well-being is cardinal to ensure a healthy work environment. However, factors such as workaholism, engagement and family interaction can strongly influence nurses' performance, well-being and safety. METHOD: A multicentre, comparative and cross-sectional study using 333 Portuguese (54.1%) and Spanish (45.9%) nurses working in hospitals. RESULTS: Portuguese nurses showed higher levels for workaholism, negative work-family interaction and negative family-work interaction, while Spanish nurses presented higher levels of engagement, positive work-family interaction and positive family-work interaction. Gender, age, job experience time, academic training, working schedule and type of employment contract influenced workaholism, engagement and work-family interaction among nurses from both countries. CONCLUSION: During their professional practice, nurses perceived their stress differently according to each country, with Portuguese nurses presenting worst psychological conditions than Spanish nurses, namely higher workaholism, negative work-family interactions and lower engagement. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Workaholism, engagement and work-family interaction are important areas in which nursing managers must invest to better respond to the new challenges of work contexts.

Comparative analysis of the catalytic regulation of NEDD4-1 and WWP2 ubiquitin ligases.

NEDD4-1 E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (NEDD4-1) and WW domain-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase (WWP2) are HECT family ubiquitin E3 ligases. They catalyze Lys ubiquitination of themselves and other proteins and are important in cell growth and differentiation. Regulation of NEDD4-1 and WWP2 catalytic activities is important for controlling cellular protein homeostasis, and their dysregulation may lead to cancer and other diseases. Previous work has implicated noncatalytic regions, including the C2 domain and/or WW domain linkers in NEDD4-1 and WWP2, in contributing to autoinhibition of the catalytic HECT domains by intramolecular interactions. Here, we explored the molecular mechanisms of these NEDD4-1 and WWP2 regulatory regions and their interplay with allosteric binding proteins such as Nedd4 family-interacting protein (NDFIP1), engineered ubiquitin variants, and linker phosphomimics. We found that in addition to influencing catalytic activities, the WW domain linker regions in NEDD4-1 and WWP2 can impact product distribution, including the degree of polyubiquitination and Lys-48 versus Lys-63 linkages. We show that allosteric activation by NDFIP1 or engineered ubiquitin variants is largely mediated by relief of WW domain linker autoinhibition. WWP2-mediated ubiquitination of WW domain-binding protein 2 (WBP2), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and p62 proteins by WWP2 suggests that substrate ubiquitination can also be influenced by WW linker autoinhibition, although to differing extents. Overall, our results provide a deeper understanding of the intricate and multifaceted set of regulatory mechanisms in the control of NEDD4-1-related ubiquitin ligases.

Triadic interactions, parental reflective functioning, and early social-emotional difficulties.

Early childhood is a critical period for social-emotional development; during this period, the child's immediate family is the system with the greatest influence on his or her development. The parents' capacity to reflect on the children's ability to process and interact within a social environment, called parental reflective functioning (RF), is considered an important factor in protecting children from highly prevalent social-emotional difficulties and may have a strong influence on children's long-term development. OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyze the relationships among parents' RF, the quality of the mother-father-child triadic interaction, and children's social-emotional difficulties. METHOD: A nonexperimental, cross-sectional, correlational study was conducted. Fifty mother-father-child triads, each in a current relationship that included at least one child aged 12-36 months, were evaluated. Sociodemographic background, triadic interaction, parental RF, and social-emotional difficulties were assessed. RESULTS: Triadic interaction was found to have a significant effect on the child's social-emotional difficulties, explaining 9% of the variance. In addition, the mothers' RF had a significant influence on triadic interaction, explaining 19% of the variance. An exploratory finding showed that triadic interaction mediates the relationship between mothers' RF and children's social-emotional difficulties.

La temprana niñez es un período crítico para el desarrollo socio-emocional; durante este período, el núcleo familiar del niño es el sistema con la mayor influencia en su desarrollo. La capacidad de los padres de reflexionar sobre la habilidad del niño de procesar e interactuar dentro del ambiente social, llamada la función reflexiva de los padres (RF), es considerada un factor importante en la protección del niño en cuanto a dificultades socio-emocionales altamente prevalentes y pudiera tener una fuerte influencia en el desarrollo del niño a largo plazo. OBJETIVO: Describir y analizar la relación entre la función reflexiva de los padres (RF), la calidad de la interacción tríadica entre mamá, papá y niño, y las dificultades socio-emocionales de los niños. MÉTODO: Se llevó a cabo un estudio no experimental, transversal y correlacional. Se evaluaron cincuenta tríadas de mamá, papá y niño, cada una de ellas en una relación presente que incluía por lo menos un niño de edad entre 12 y 36 meses. Se evaluaron el trasfondo demográfico, la interacción tríadica, la RF de los padres, así como las dificultades socio-emocionales. RESULTADOS: Se encontró que las interacciones tríadicas tenían un efecto significativo en las dificultades socio-emocionales del niño, lo cual explica el 9% de la variación. Adicionalmente, la RF de las mamás tuvo una influencia significativa en la interacción tríadica, lo cual explica el 19% de la variación. Un resultado exploratorio mostró que la interacción tríadica sirve de mediadora en la relación entre la RF de la mamá y las dificultades socio-emocionales de los niños.

La petite enfance est une période critique pour le développement socio-émotionnel. Durant cette période la famille proche de l'enfant est le système ayant la plus grande influence sur son développement. La capacité des parents à réfléchir à la capacité des enfants à traiter et à interagir avec l'environnement social, appelée le fonctionnement de réflexion parentale (abrégé en anglais RF), est considérée comme étant un facteur important qui protège les enfants de difficultés socio-émotionnelles extrêmement prévalente et qui peut avoir une forte influence sur le développement long-terme des enfants. OBJECTIF: Décrire et analyser les relations entre le RF des parents, la qualité de l'interaction triadique mère-père-enfant, et les difficultés socio-émotionnelles des enfants. MÉTHODE: Une étude non-expérimentale, corrélationnelle, avec une coupe transversale a été effectuée. Cinquante triades mère-père-enfant, chacune dans la relation actuelle qui incluait au moins un enfant âgé de 12 à 36 mois, ont été évaluées. Le contexte sociodémographique, l'interaction triadique, le RF parents, et les difficultés socio-émotionnelles ont été évalués. RÉSULTATS: On a trouvé que l'interaction triadique avait un effet important sur les difficultés socio-émotionnelles de l'enfant, expliquant 9% de l'écart. De plus, le RF des mères s'est avéré avoir une influence importante sur l'interaction triadique, expliquant 19% de l'écart. Un résultat exploratoire a montré que l'interaction triadique affecte la relation entre es le RF des mères et les difficultés socio-émotionnelles des enfants.

The Identification of Family Social Environment Typologies Using Latent Class Analysis: Implications for Future Family-Focused Research.

The family social environment is the first environment that a child experiences and has implications for children's health. However, the majority of family social environment measures do not account for its complexity. There is a need for novel approaches for assessing the family social environment that transcends the traditional way of measuring family composition and interaction. The purpose of this secondary data analysis research was to identify distinct family social environment typologies that consider both family composition and interaction and to describe the characteristics of the identified family social environment typologies. A series of latent class analysis results indicated three distinct typologies of family social environment with significant differences in family composition, family problem-solving skills, and demographic characteristics. The process used to identify the typologies and significant differences between the typologies showcases how the field could advance family-focused research by considering family composition and interaction.

Genetics of Perceived Family Interaction From 12 to 17 Years of Age.

We analyzed how the effects of genetic and environmental factors on the perceptions of family interaction change from early to late adolescence. The data were collected by postal surveys on Finnish twins (N = 4808) at 12, 14 and 17 years of age and analyzed using genetic twin modeling. Additive genetic factors explained a modest share of the variation in perceived relational support (a2 = 0.30 in boys and 0.18 in girls) and relational tensions (a2 = 0.13 and 0.14, respectively) at 12 years of age, with the proportions becoming larger through 17 years of age (a2 = 0.53 in boys and 0.49 in girls for relational support; a2 = 0.35 in boys and 0.33 in girls for relational tensions). Simultaneously, the role of environment shared by co-twins decreased. These findings suggest that the associations between perceived family interaction and other factors in adulthood should be interpreted with caution, because they partly reflect genetic background, whereas in childhood, they may provide more reliable information on parental characteristics.

Adolescent caretaking of younger siblings.

Sibling interactions play important roles in socialization; however, little is known about sibling caretaking in contemporary families. This study examined the prevalence of adolescents providing care for younger siblings and the quality of care as associated with a broad spectrum of individual, microsystem, and macrosystem factors. Relying on nationally representative time diary data from the American Time Use Survey, we found that factors at multiple levels (individual, microsystem, and macrosystem) were associated with sibling caretaking. Gendered patterns in caretaking emerged. The caretaker's sex and the ages and sexes of younger siblings correlated with the incidence and quality of sibling care. Boys more often cared for younger brothers, and girls more often cared for younger sisters. In addition, boys more often played with younger siblings while girls more often provided physical care and talked with younger siblings, mirroring gendered patterns seen in parents.

Acculturation gaps in diaspora immigrant adolescent-mother dyads: The case for a domain-, group- and context-specific view on family adaptation.

Intergenerational value mismatch in immigrant families, also termed acculturation gap, is well documented. However, in increasingly diverse societies, the generalizability of this phenomenon across immigrant groups, across dimensions and domains of acculturation, and across different receiving societies is questionable. This comparative study investigated mother-adolescent acculturation gaps of two diaspora immigrant samples, who had lived in the former Soviet Union for generations, across two receiving societies (Germany vs. Israel), across two dimensions (ethnic vs. host) in two domains of adaptation (behavioural: language vs. cognitive: identity). In addition, we investigated whether these acculturation gaps are detrimental or beneficial for mother-adolescent communication. Participants comprised 342 diaspora immigrants divided into 80 German repatriate mother-adolescent dyads in Germany (adolescents' mean age: 16.9 years, 48.8% female) and 91 Russian Jewish mother-adolescent dyads in Israel (adolescents' mean age: 15.8 years, 51.6% female) who were interviewed in person at their homes. Results indicated diaspora-specific effects in ethnic identity, with adolescents identifying more closely with their ethnic culture than their mothers. Our study highlights that acculturation gaps can undermine parent-child-communication across both contexts, although we also found some context-specific effects.

Parental health and psychosomatic symptoms in preschool children: A cross-sectional study in Scania, Sweden.

AIM: The aim of the study was to assess the association between parental self-rated health and recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) in preschool children. METHODS: A questionnaire, including questions about sociodemographic and psychosocial factors, lifestyle, parental and child health, was sent to parents of all 4-year-old children in Scania, Sweden. The response rate was 43.6%. The outcome was RAP and the main exposure was parental self-rated health (SRH). Covariates included sociodemographic, lifestyle and psychosocial factors. Logistic regression analyses were used in a five-step model to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of parental SRH in relation to child RAP. RESULTS: Logistic regression analysis showed higher odds of RAP among children whose parents reported domestic violence, economic worries and poor SRH (mothers OR = 2.1 (95% CI: 1.6, 2.7) and fathers OR = 1.5 (95% CI: 1.1, 2.0)). Adjustment for sociodemographic, lifestyle and psychosocial factors reduced the OR for RAP in the children of mothers with poor SRH (OR = 1.6 (95% CI: 1.2, 2.2)) and fathers with poor SRH (OR = 1.2 (CI 95%: 0.8, 1.7)). Poor SRH was associated with less reading to the child as well as parental perceptions of insufficiency in the interaction with the child. CONCLUSIONS: Health professionals have a key position to prevent psychosomatic symptoms in childhood by identifying the living conditions of children with RAP and particularly, to pay attention to parental poor health to identify if support to the family and/or child protection interventions are needed. Health professionals meeting adult patients with poor health should identify whether they are parents and have children who might need information, support and/or protection.

Family-Focused Therapy for Bipolar Disorder: Reflections on 30 Years of Research.

Family-focused therapy (FFT) is an evidence-based intervention for adults and children with bipolar disorder (BD) and their caregivers, usually given in conjunction with pharmacotherapy after an illness episode. The treatment consists of conjoint sessions of psychoeducation regarding bipolar illness, communication enhancement training, and problem-solving skills training. This paper summarizes over 30 years of research on FFT and family processes in BD. Across eight randomized controlled trials with adults and adolescents with BD, FFT and mood-stabilizing medications have been found to hasten recovery from mood episodes, reduce recurrences, and reduce levels of symptom severity compared to briefer forms of psychoeducation and medications over 1-2 years. Several studies indicate that the effects of FFT on symptom improvement are greater among patients with high-expressed emotion relatives. New research focuses on FFT as an early intervention for youth at risk for BD, neuroimaging as a means of evaluating treatment mechanisms, and progress in implementing FFT in community mental health settings.

Mother's marital satisfaction associated with the quality of mother-father-child triadic interaction.

Low marital satisfaction has been shown to be a risk factor for early parenthood and parent-child relationship problems (Erel & Burman, ; McHale, ). The aim of this study was to assess how parental reports of marital satisfaction related to family alliance and coordination in the observed triadic interaction. The study group included 120 families. Marital satisfaction was evaluated during pregnancy, at 4 months, and at 18 months using the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS; Busby, Christensen, Crane & Larsson, ) for both parents. Mother-father-child interaction was analyzed in the Lausanne Triadic Play setting and coded using the Family Alliance Assessment Scale (Favez, Lavanchy Scaiola, Tissot, Darwiche & Frascarolo, ) when the child reached 18 months of age. The mother's higher marital satisfaction at every measuring point was associated with a cooperative family alliance and/or higher family coordination at 18 months. The father's experience of marital satisfaction was not related to family interaction at any assessment point. Our study suggests that a mother's experience of lower marital satisfaction during pregnancy may be an early sign of later problems in family relationships.

THE PICNIC GAME: PRESENTATION OF A SITUATION OF OBSERVATION TO ASSESS FAMILY INTERACTIONS.

The aim of this article is to present a situation of observation designed for the assessment of family interactions: The PicNic Game (PNG). In this situation, families are invited to play at having a picnic together. This can be done with any number of children, aged from a few weeks to adolescence. A companion assessment tool, the Revised-Picnic Assessment Scale (Re-PAS), allows evaluation of interactions in the family on several dimensions. This article presents the PNG and a preliminary study of the validation of the Re-PAS dimensions in a sample of families (N = 67) with 18-month-old infants and their siblings. The PNG was well-received by the families. Construct validity of the Re-PAS was tested, first against self-reported data by mothers and fathers regarding marital satisfaction, coparenting behavior, and division of household tasks, and then against observed maternal and paternal sensitivity and controlling behaviors assessed during free-play. Results show satisfactory preliminary reliability and validity. Two contrasting cases are presented to illustrate the different interactions highlighted in the PNG. This situation is useful for researchers and clinicians, particularly as a basis for video-feedback work with the family.

Smartphone Use Side-by-Side with Burnout: Mediation of Work-Family Interaction and Loneliness.

The main objective of this investigation is to study the relationship between compulsive smartphone use and burnout, and the potential mediating effect of negative work−family interaction and loneliness in this relationship. An online questionnaire was applied to a sample of 228 Portuguese workers, from various sectors, aged between 19 and 60 years (mean = 32.32); (standard deviation = 9.25), mostly female (64.5%; n = 154). The data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. The main results show that the compulsive use of the smartphone is positively and expressively related (ß = 0.258; p < 0.001) to burnout, with compulsive users reporting more symptoms of burnout. In addition, this study shows the mediating power of negative work−family interaction and loneliness, in the relationship between compulsive smartphone use and burnout, with this effect being positive and significant (B = 0.072; 95% CI [0.026; 0.145]; B = 0.068; 95% CI [0.008; 0.141]). These results highlight the need for individuals and organizations to use smartphones with caution, as well as reinforce that companies must develop a way to prevent and treat possible risk factors associated with this phenomenon.

Family Interaction and Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Emerging Adults: A Mediation Model of Gratitude.

In this study, we investigated the relations between family interaction, gratitude, and depressive symptoms among Chinese emerging adults. It also investigated gratitude as a mediator in the relation between family interaction and depression. Data were obtained from 321 college students who completed the online questionnaire about the Family Assessment Instrument, Gratitude Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire, and demographic information. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test hypotheses and bootstrapping with 5,000 resamplings (95% confidence interval) was used to confirm the mediation model. Results showed that gratitude partially mediated the relation between family interaction and depression. In other words, students with healthy family interaction, as indicated by perceived better family communication, mutuality, and harmony with family members, tended to report higher general gratitude, and subsequently diminished depressive symptoms. The practical implications were discussed.

Interpersonal Family Dynamics Relate to Hippocampal CA Subfield Structure.

Social environments that are extremely enriched or adverse can influence hippocampal volume. Though most individuals experience social environments that fall somewhere in between these extremes, substantially less is known about the influence of normative variation in social environments on hippocampal structure. Here, we examined whether hippocampal volume tracks normative variation in interpersonal family dynamics in 7- to 12-year-olds and adults recruited from the general population. We focused on interpersonal family dynamics as a prominent feature of one's social world. Given evidence that CA1 and CA2 play a key role in tracking social information, we related individual hippocampal subfield volumes to interpersonal family dynamics. More positive perceptions of interpersonal family dynamics were associated with greater CA1 and CA2/3 volume regardless of age and controlling for socioeconomic status. These data suggest that CA subfields are sensitive to normative variation in social environments and identify interpersonal family dynamics as an impactful environmental feature.