Analysis of the relationship between shorter sleep duration and wrist fractures: based on NHANES.

BACKGROUND: Wrist fracture is one of the common limb fractures. Its incidence rate increases with age and osteoporosis. Nowadays, Sleep health is increasingly valued, but the relationship between wrist fractures and sleep time is not yet clear. METHODS: Data in this study were collected and screened from the NHANES from 2005 to 2010 and 2013 to 2014. The variables were extracted from interviews and compared between the wrist fractures and the sleep duration. The data was analyzed by weighted multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: After excluding individuals who were not eligible and had invalid data, we finally identified 1835 participants for inclusion in this study. We found a negative association between the sleep duration and the fractured of the wrist (OR = 1.027,95% CI (1.027, 1.028), P < 0.00001). CONCLUSION: This study demons that the association between the sleep duration and the fractures of the wrist is significant. Our findings provide a better understanding of the relationship between sleep duration and wrist fractures. This study may help us reducing the incidence of wrist fractures in the population based on healthy sleep management in the future, and improve the quality of life of middle-aged and elderly patients. Provide evidence for clinical patients to manage healthy sleep.

Building gender-specific sexually transmitted infection risk prediction models using CatBoost algorithm and NHANES data.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a significant global public health challenge due to their high incidence rate and potential for severe consequences when early intervention is neglected. Research shows an upward trend in absolute cases and DALY numbers of STIs, with syphilis, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, and genital herpes exhibiting an increasing trend in age-standardized rate (ASR) from 2010 to 2019. Machine learning (ML) presents significant advantages in disease prediction, with several studies exploring its potential for STI prediction. The objective of this study is to build males-based and females-based STI risk prediction models based on the CatBoost algorithm using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for training and validation, with sub-group analysis performed on each STI. The female sub-group also includes human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. METHODS: The study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) program to build males-based and females-based STI risk prediction models using the CatBoost algorithm. Data was collected from 12,053 participants aged 18 to 59 years old, with general demographic characteristics and sexual behavior questionnaire responses included as features. The Adaptive Synthetic Sampling Approach (ADASYN) algorithm was used to address data imbalance, and 15 machine learning algorithms were evaluated before ultimately selecting the CatBoost algorithm. The SHAP method was employed to enhance interpretability by identifying feature importance in the model's STIs risk prediction. RESULTS: The CatBoost classifier achieved AUC values of 0.9995, 0.9948, 0.9923, and 0.9996 and 0.9769 for predicting chlamydia, genital herpes, genital warts, gonorrhea, and overall STIs infections among males. The CatBoost classifier achieved AUC values of 0.9971, 0.972, 0.9765, 1, 0.9485 and 0.8819 for predicting chlamydia, genital herpes, genital warts, gonorrhea, HPV and overall STIs infections among females. The characteristics of having sex with new partner/year, times having sex without condom/year, and the number of female vaginal sex partners/lifetime have been identified as the top three significant predictors for the overall risk of male STIs. Similarly, ever having anal sex with a man, age and the number of male vaginal sex partners/lifetime have been identified as the top three significant predictors for the overall risk of female STIs. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the effectiveness of the CatBoost classifier in predicting STI risks among both male and female populations. The SHAP algorithm revealed key predictors for each infection, highlighting consistent demographic characteristics and sexual behaviors across different STIs. These insights can guide targeted prevention strategies and interventions to alleviate the impact of STIs on public health.

Association between urinary glyphosate levels and hand grip strength in a representative sample of US adults: NHANES 2013-2014.

Introduction: Glyphosate, a widely utilized herbicide globally, has been linked to various health issues, including cancer, birth abnormalities, and reproductive issues. Additionally, there is growing experimental support indicating potential harm to skeletal muscles. Despite this, the impact of glyphosate on human muscle health remains unclear. Methods: We examined information gathered from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which included 1466 adults aged 18 or older. Our primary aim was to investigate the relationship between glyphosate exposure and hand grip strength, as well as its influence on lean muscle mass. Results and discussion: Our investigation uncovered a detrimental correlation between glyphosate exposure and all measures of grip strength, except for the second test of the first hand. Specifically, we observed a statistically significant adverse association between glyphosate exposure and combined grip strength, which is calculated as the sum of the highest readings from both hands (ß coefficient of -2.000, S.E. = 0.891, p = 0.040). We did not observe a significant correlation between glyphosate levels, lean muscle mass, and the likelihood of reaching maximum grip strength meeting sarcopenia criteria. Additionally, we observed an interaction between age and glyphosate, as well as between body mass index (BMI) and glyphosate, concerning the association with combined grip strength. In this comprehensive analysis of NHANES data, our study reveals a potential association between glyphosate exposure and hand grip strength in the adult population. Our findings suggest the need for deeper exploration into the health effects of glyphosate exposure and its impact on muscle strength, shedding light on possible public health concerns.

The Relationship Between Iron Status and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Non-anemic Patients Without a History of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Iron deficiency (ID) and iron status in non-anemic patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk without a history of cardiovascular diseases is still weakly explored. In this study, the authors evaluated the most common ID definitions in this group of patients. A total of 533 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were collected from 2005-2006, 2017-2018, and 2017-2020 records. Participants were divided according to their ASCVD risk score to the following groups: low (n=168, 32%), borderline (n=43, 8%), intermediate (n=200, 37%), and high (n=122, 23%). There was a higher prevalence of ID in low- and borderline-risk groups in contrast to intermediate- and high-risk groups. Higher serum ferritin concentrations were observed in groups with a greater ASCVD risk score. Transferrin saturation (TSAT) was comparable in all ASCVD categories. Lack of ID, defined by three different guidelines that are mainly based on serum ferritin levels, predisposed to a higher ASCVD risk category. Normal iron status, defined by these three guidelines, was positively associated with the male gender. The opposite association was observed for non-Hispanic Whites. The analyzed criteria of ID, based mostly on serum ferritin levels, demonstrated limited usefulness in patients with increased ASCVD risk. Further studies should be done to determine proper ID diagnostic criteria in non-anemic patients without a previous cardiovascular history with elevated ASCVD risk.

The significant interaction between age and diabetes mellitus for colorectal cancer: Evidence from NHANES data 1999-2016.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus has been associated with elevated risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), although interaction between age and DM is unclear. We examined the relationship among DM, CRC and age. METHODS: 22,580 subjects aged ≥18 years were identified from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database collected between 1999-2016. To account for the complex, stratified, multistage probability sampling design in NHANES, SASv9.4 Procedure Survey Methodology was applied. Univariate analysis compared individual baseline characteristics between subjects with and without DM. Multivariate logistic regression model assessed association between DM and CRC, in which the model included factors with p<0.05 in univariate analysis as covariates. RESULTS: Univariate analysis showed significant differences in age (p<0.0001), race (p<0.0001), smoking (p=0.0023) and body mass index (p<0.0001) between No-DM and DM. Multivariate analysis revealed significant interaction between age and DM (p=0.0004). Subjects with DM aged 18-65 were more likely to experience CRC (OR=4.47, 95%CI=(1.33-15.07); p=0.0157) compared to those without DM. Subjects with DM aged >65 were not at increased risk for CRC (OR=0.83, 95%CI=(0.43-1.59); p=0.5665) compared to those without DM. CONCLUSIONS: Age, DM, and interaction between age and DM are risk factors for CRC. Individuals with DM aged 18-65 years have a higher CRC risk.

Children with Amalgam Dental Restorations Have Significantly Elevated Blood and Urine Mercury Levels.

Human exposure to organic mercury (Hg) as methylmercury (MeHg) from seafood consumption is widely considered a health risk because pure methylmercury is extremely neurotoxic. In contrast, the clinical significance of Hg exposure from amalgam (AMG) dental restorations, the only other major nonoccupational source of Hg exposure, has long been debated. Here, we examined data from the two most recent National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) on 14 181 subjects to assess the contributions of seafood consumption versus AMG to blood total mercury (THg), inorganic mercury (IHg), and methyl mercury (MeHg) and to urine creatinine corrected mercury (UTHg). All subjects were also classified as to their self-reported qualitative consumption of seafood (59% fish and 44% shellfish). Subjects with restorations were grouped into three groups (0) those without AMG (64.4%), (1) those with 1-5 dental AMG restorations (19.7%), (2) those with more than five AMG (16%). Seafood consumption increased total mercury in urine (UTHg) and total mercury (THg) and methyl mercury (MeHg) in blood, but unlike AMG, seafood did not increase blood inorganic mercury (IHg). Using stratified covariate (ANOVA) and multivariate (GLM) analyses revealed a strong correlation of blood (THg and IHg) and urine (UTHg) levels with the number of AMGs. In a subpopulation without fish consumption, having more than five AMG restorations raised blood THg (103%), IHg (221%), and urine UTHg (221%) over the group without AMG. The most striking difference was noted in classification by age: subjects under 6 years old with more than five AMG restorations had the highest blood IHg and urine UTHg among all age groups. Elevation of bivalent IHg on a large scale in children warrants urgent in-depth risk assessment with specific attention to genetic- and gender-associated vulnerabilities.

Consumption of Vitamin K and Vitamin A Are Associated With Reduced Risk of Developing Emphysema: NHANES 2007-2016.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) comprising of emphysema and chronic bronchitis are the most common chronic respiratory diseases that impart a huge economic and clinical burden. Factors other than smoking and air pollutants can cause inflammation and emphysematous changes in the lung airspaces or alveoli have been understudied. Using a cross-sectional study design, we assessed the association of dark green vegetables, vitamin K and Vitamin A with emphysema status among adults at U.S. These nutrients have a role in lung biology. A complete case NHANES data (n = 17,681) was used. After adjusting for modifiable and non-modifiable confounders, consumption of recommended amounts of vitamin K was associated with 39% decrease in odds (Odds Ratio: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.40-0.92, P-val: 0.02) of emphysema. Similarly consumption of recommended amounts vitamin A dose was associated with 33% decrease in odds (Odds Ratio: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.44-1.00, P-val: 0.05) of emphysema. Vitamin K shows an inverse association suggesting that it may be important in slowing the emphysematous process. Vitamin A is important in maintaining the anti-inflammatory process. Together vitamin K and vitamin A are important in the lung health.

Disparities in Hepatitis B Vaccine Coverage by Race/Ethnicity: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2016.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the most common form of viral hepatitis and remains a global public health problem, even though the HBV vaccine is available. HBV leads to chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis, liver cancer, and death. This study aimed to identify disparities in HBV vaccine coverage with the serological test by race/ethnicity, adjusting for gender and age. In this study, 5735 adult participants were included, obtaining data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2015-2016. Proc survey frequency, bivariate- and multivariate logistic regression in the weighted sample were performed due to the complex survey design of NHANES. Data were analyzed using SAS, version 9.2.4. The overall prevalence of HBV vaccine coverage was only 23.3% (95% CI: 20.7%, 25.9%). In a multivariate logistic regression model, data showed that Mexican Americans (OR 0.57, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.86) and African Americans (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.56, 0.84) had lower vaccine coverage compared to Whites. Females had (OR 1.55, 95% CI: 1.30, 1.85) higher vaccine coverage compared to men. Older age groups (30-49 years) (OR 0.41, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.52) and age group ≥ 50 years (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.14, 0.23) had lower vaccine coverage compared to younger adults aged 18-29 years.

Association of HCV Infection with C-Reactive Protein: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2009⁻2010.

The relationship between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and C-reactive protein (CRP), which is an inflammatory biomarker, is limited in studies with the general population. It was hypothesized that changes in CRP levels are genotype-dependent in the general population with HCV infection. Thus, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of HCV infection and compare CRP levels with an anti-HCV antibody, HCV-RNA status, and HCV genotypes. A total of 5611 adult participants from the National and Health Nutrition Examination (NHANES), 2009⁻2010 survey were analyzed. Proc survey frequency, means, and multivariate regression were used due to the complex survey design of NHANES. The prevalence of HCV infection among the study population was 1.6%. There were lower mean CRP levels among people with anti-HCV antibody positive status compared to those with antibody negative status (0.12 ± 0.08 vs. 0.24 ± 0.02, p = 0.08, 95% Confidence Intervals, CI: -1.12 to 0.07). Mean CRP levels were also lower in people with HCV-RNA positive status compared to those with HCV-RNA negative status (0.56 ± 0.03 vs. 0.48 ± 0.05, p = 0.62 and 95% CI: -1.37 to 0.86). However, these differences were non-significant. With respect to HCV genotypes, significantly higher CRP levels were noted among people infected with HCV genotype 2 vs. genotype 1 (0.53 ± 0.06 vs. 0.23 ± 0.05, p < 0.01, 95% CI: -0.58 to -0.02) and those with HCV genotype 2 vs. HCV genotype 3 (0.53 ± 0.06, 0.28 ± 0.04, p < 0.01, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.48). Further studies are needed to confirm this finding.

Towards Measuring the Food Quality of Grocery Purchases: an Estimation Model of the Healthy Eating Index-2010 Using only Food Item Counts.

Measuring the quality of food consumed by individuals or groups in the U.S. is essential to informed public health surveillance efforts and sound nutrition policymaking. For example, the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI) is an ideal metric to assess the food quality of households, but the traditional methods of collecting the data required to calculate the HEI are expensive and burdensome. We evaluated an alternative source: rather than measuring the quality of the foods consumers eat, we want to estimate the quality of the foods consumers buy. To accomplish that we need a way of estimating the HEI based solely on the count of food items. We developed an estimation model of the HEI, using an augmented set of the What We Eat In America (WWEIA) food categories. Then we mapped ~92,000 grocery food items to it. The model uses an inverse Cumulative Distribution Function sampling technique. Here we describe the model and report reliability metrics based on NHANES data from 2003-2010.