Seasonal screening of pesticide residues in beehive products collected from different districts in Egypt.

Pesticides are of immense importance in agriculture, but they might contaminate bees' products. In this study, samples of honey, pollen, and beeswax were collected, seasonally, from apiaries in Toshka (Aswan), El-Noubariya (El-Beheira), and Ismailia (Ismailia) cities in Egypt. The pesticide residues were analyzed using the GC-MS after being extracted and cleaned using the QuEChERS method. Results showed that samples from El-Noubariya had great content of residues followed by Ismailia, and finally Toshka. Samples collected during fall and winter had the highest pesticide residue contents. Specifically, the phenylconazole fungicide group was repeatedly detected in all the examined samples along with organophosphate insecticides. Beeswax samples had the greatest amounts of pesticide residues followed by pollen and then honey samples. Chlorpyrifos (0.07-39.16 ng/g) and profenofos (1.94-17.00 ng/g) were detected in honey samples and their products. Pyriproxyfen (57.12 ng/g) and chlorpyrifos-methyl (39.16 ng/g) were detected in great amounts in beeswax samples from Ismailia and El-Noubariya, respectively. Yet, according to health hazard and quotient studies, the amounts of pesticides detected in honey do not pose any health threats to humans.

First surveillance of pesticides in soils of the perimeter of Tadla, a Moroccan sugar beet intensive area.

With the long-term application of pesticides on sugar beet farms in the irrigated perimeter of Tadla in Morocco for over 50 years, pesticide monitoring is necessary to assess soil health. The objective of our study was to monitor multiple pesticide residues in topsoil samples collected from post-harvest sugar beet fields and verify their migration to deep soil layers. Topsoil and deep soil samples were collected from arbitrarily selected sugar beet fields in the IPT. In this study, a target-screening method was applied. All target pesticides were detected in soil samples, with tefluthrin being the most frequently detected pesticide. The residue with the highest concentration in soil samples was DDE. All the soil samples contained a mixture of pesticide residues, with a maximum of 13 residues per sample. The total pesticide content decreased toward more profound layers of soil, except in one field where it reached a concentration of 348 µg/kg at the deeper soil layer. For pesticides detected at the three soil depths, only tefluthrin concentration increased in the deep soil layer. The results provide comprehensive and precise information on the pesticide residue status in sugar beet soils warning against the multiple risks that this contamination can cause. This study indicates the need of regular monitoring of pesticides over a large area of the perimeter to enable decision-makers to pronounce the impacts of the extension and intensification of sugar beet cultivation at the irrigated perimeter of Tadla.

Assessing the Quality of Burkina Faso Soybeans Based on Fatty Acid Composition and Pesticide Residue Contamination.

Soybean is widely used in the food industry because of its high fatty acid and protein content. However, the increased use of pesticides to control pests during cultivation, in addition to being a public health concern, may influence the nutritional quality of soybeans. This study aimed to assess the nutritional quality of soybeans with respect to fatty acid profile and pesticide residue contamination. The levels of fatty acids and pesticides in soybean varieties G196 and G197 were determined by gas chromatography and by the QuEChERS method, respectively. The results showed a significant variation in the quantitative and qualitative fatty acid composition of the two varieties, with 18.03 g/100 g and 4 fatty acids detected for the G196 variety and 21.35 g/100 g and 7 fatty acids for the G197 variety, respectively. In addition, 12 active pesticide compounds were found, and among them, imazalil, quintozene, cyfluthrin and lindane exceeded their maximum limits. The G197 variety had a better nutritional profile compared to G196. The profile of fatty acids and the content of pesticide residues were used as important determinants for soybean utilization in human nutrition.

Residues and degradation dynamics of pymetrozine and chlorpyrifos in rice field ecosystem.

Field trials were conducted in Guangzhou, Nanning, and Nanjing in two consecutive years to evaluate the terminal residue levels and dissipation trend of pymetrozine and chlorpyrifos in rice ecosystem. Analyses were carried out by high-performance-liquid-chromatography for pymetrozine and gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry for chlorpyrifos, achieved good linear relationship over range from 0.01 to 5.0 mg·kg-1 for both (r > 0.9998). Average recoveries were 86.0% to 106.0% for pymetrozine, and 79.7% to 102.3% for chlorpyrifos at the spiking levels of 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 mg·kg-1. Half-lives of pymetrozine in paddy water, paddy soil and rice plant were 0.35-2.81, 2.69-6.95 and 1.22-3.70 days, while that of chlorpyrifos were 0.86-1.88, 3.09-6.86 and 0.58-2.84 days. Final residues of pymetrozine and chlorpyrifos in brown rice ranged from less than 0.6 to 26.0 µg·kg-1 and 14.3 to 191.6 µg·kg-1, respectively. It is recommended that 25% pymetrozine and chlorpyrifos suspension be sprayed twice at the intervals of 10 days with dosages ranging from 375 (maximum recommended dosage) to 562.5 g a.i.·ha-1 (1.5 times of the maximum recommended dosage). The rice can be harvested safely 15 days after the last application of pymetrozine and chlorpyrifos. The research results help ensures the safe application of pymetrozine and chlorpyrifos in rice ecosystem.

Long-Term Exposure to the Water of Wadi El-Rayan Lakes Induced Testicular Damage and Endocrine Disruption in Mugil cephalus.

This study aimed to investigate the testicular function of Mugil cephalus that inhabit Wadi El-Rayan lakes. Testes of fish inhabiting the upper lake (site 2) and the lower lake (site 3) of Wadi El-Rayan showed significant decreases in gonadosomatic index, high accumulation levels of six metals, and eight organochlorine pesticide residues. Compared to reference fish, high percentages of histological alterations as testicular degeneration, germ cell reduction, testicular inflammation, vacuolization, and loss of tubular arrangement were observed in sites 2 and 3. Moreover, endocrine disruption signs were recorded based on the percentage of ovotestis appearance and the ovotestis severity index values. The maximum defective testicular antioxidant mechanisms were recorded in site 3 as indicated by sharp decreases in catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reduced levels, and high thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Finally, long-term exposure to Wadi El-Rayan water may impair the reproductive health of fish via testicular oxidative damage and endocrine disruption.

Integrating target-responsive CD-CdTe QD-based ratiometric fluorescence hydrogel with smartphone for visual and on-site determination of dichlorvos.

A facile, economic, and portable test kit based on target-responsive hydrogel with smartphone detection was fabricated for the accurate determination of dichlorvos in tap water and food samples. Carbon dots (CDs) and CdTe quantum dots (QDs) embedded hydrogel were employed as indicator, and fluorescence of CdTe QDs (645 nm) was dynamically quenched by Cu2+ while that of CDs (490 nm) were non-response for Cu2+, em erging a typical ratiometric fluorescence signal. Acetylcholinesterase hydrolyzed acetylthiocholine to generate thiocholine that bound with Cu2+ strongly via S-Cu-S bond. Dichlorvos as competitive inhibitor for acetylcholinesterase prevented the generation of thiocholine, which blocked the formation of Cu-thiocholine complex and changed the ratiometric fluorescence signal. The signal of the test kit, which was recorded by smartphone's camera, was transduced by ImageJ software into the color parameter that was linearly proportional to the logarithm of dichlorvos concentration. This portable test kit showed wide linear range of 1 to 40 ppb and low detection limit of 0.38 ppb for dichlorvos. This test kit exhibited rapid sample-to-answer detection time (50 min) of dichlorvos in tap water and food samples, and the recoveries were in the range 81.3 to 111% with relative standard deviations of less than 9.1%. A facile and economic portable test kit based on CD-CdTe QD target-responsive hydrogel with smartphone was innovatively fabricated for the accurate determination of organophosphorus pesticides. This portable test kit showed low detection limit of 0.38 ppb for dichlorvos and rapid sample-to-answer detection time (50 min) in tap water and food samples, which offered a new sight for portable monitoring of environmental pollution and food safety.

Organochlorine pesticide residues in raw and grilled freshwater fish (Oreochromis niloticus) collected from various locations along the Nile basin in Egypt.

The current study aimed to assess meat quality of samples of Nile tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus), along with examining organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues in these samples and their potential risks to humans. About 55 samples were collected from eleven sites on the Nile River in Egypt: Damietta, El-Behera, El-Dakahlia, Kafrelsheikh, El-Gharbia, El-Menoufia, Cairo, El-Giza, El-Fayoum, El-Menia, and Aswan Governorates. Fish samples were analyzed fresh and grilled for meat quality characteristics and the presence of OCP residues using the QuEChERS method for extraction and cleanup accompanied by detection using GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) system. Then, risk hazards of OCP residues were calculated. Results showed that all quality criteria of raw and cooked meat samples were within the permissible levels set by the Egyptian Organization for Standardization and Quality (EOS). The detected residues of OCPs in fresh samples were hexachlorocyclohexanes (α-HCH, ß-HCH, and δ-HCH), heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin aldehyde, endosulfan, and p,p'-DDE. Endrin aldehyde was detected in all tested sites, while heptachlor epoxide was found in eight (73%) out of the 11 tested locations. After grilling, aldrin, heptachlor epoxide, endosulfan, and endrin aldehyde compounds were found in fish meat. Cooking fish samples reduced the OCP residue amounts by at least 95% of detected amounts in fresh meat.

Monitoring of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Human Breast Milk in the Northern Governorates of Jordan in 2019/2020 Compared with the Results of 2015 Study.

One hundred and twenty samples of breast milk were collected from five northern governorates and districts in Jordan in 2019 and 2020 to monitor results for organochlorine pesticides as organic contaminants. The results showed that 36 samples (30%) of total 120 analyzed samples were contaminated as follows: 16 samples (13.3%) were contaminated with dieldrin, 4 samples (3.3%) with p,p'-DDE, 4 samples (3.3%) with p,p'-DDD, 8 samples (6.7%) with p,p'-DDT and 4 samples (3.3%) with o,p'-DDE. Comparing results of the current study with those of 2015 study, no residues for the HCHs in 2019/2020 study have been detected, an increase in the DDTs occurred and an increase in the cyclodiens in the 2019/2020 compared to the 2015 study.

Multi-residue analytical method for trace detection of new-generation pesticides in vegetables using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

A GC-MS/MS method with low solvent consumption and easy operation was developed to simultaneously determine ten new-generation pesticides, namely fenobucarb, acetochlor, pretilachlor, fipronil, trifloxystrobin, fluazifop-p-butyl, isoprothiolane, tebuconazole, cypermethrin and difenoconazole in leafy vegetables. Influences from ultrasonic sample extraction and the clean-up steps to reduce matrix effects were investigated. Under suitable conditions, good linearity (deviation of back calculated concentration from true concentration lower than 20%) was achieved for all studied pesticides; the method detection limits (MDLs) ranged from 1.4 to 3.6 ng g-1 wet weight. For mustard green and green onion the method yielded good recoveries at two spiking levels (201 and 100 ng g-1) ranging from 80% to 111% (n = 5). The repeatability, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD), was lower than 11% (n = 5). The method was successfully used to quantify pesticide residues in 207 vegetable samples (green onions, mustard greens, and lettuce) collected in Thua Thien Hue and Quang Binh Provinces, Central Vietnam. The insecticide cypermethrin was found at critical levels in 98% of the vegetable samples. Green onions had high pesticide residues with a significant number of samples containing pesticides at concentrations exceeding the maximum residue levels (MRLs).

Organic food and the impact on human health.

In the last decade, the production and consumption of organic food have increased steadily worldwide, despite the lower productivity of organic crops. Indeed, the population attributes healthier properties to organic food. Although scientific evidence is still scarce, organic agriculture seems to contribute to maintaining an optimal health status and decreases the risk of developing chronic diseases. This may be due to the higher content of bioactive compounds and lower content of unhealthy substances such as cadmium and synthetic fertilizers and pesticides in organic foods of plant origin compared to conventional agricultural products. Thus, large long-term intervention studies are needed to determine whether an organic diet is healthier than a diet including conventionally grown food products. This review provides an update of the present knowledge of the impact of an organic versus a conventional food diet on health.

[Investigation of pesticides residues in vegetables in the central Shaanxi area, 2012-2018].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the status of pesticides residues in vegetables in the central Shaanxi area. METHODS: The vegetables collected from central Shaanxi area and the pesticides residues in vegetables were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry during 2012 to 2018. RESULTS: In 1049 samples, the total detection rate of 50 kinds of pesticides residues was 14. 11%, the over standard rate was 1. 91%. The detection rates of pyrethroid, organophosphate, carbamate, organochlorine were 7. 98%, 5. 89%, 3. 30% and 0. 68%, and the over standard rates were 0. 66%, 0. 90%, 0. 70% and 0. 00%, respectively. The highest detection of pyrethroid was cyhalothrin(3. 61%), the highest detection of organophosphate was chlorpyrifos(2. 70%), the highest detection of carbamate was carbofuran(1. 80%), the highest detection rate of organochlorine was endosulfan(0. 68%). The vegetables with higher detection rates were bulbs, fresh beans and stems. The vegetables with higher over standard rates were Chinese chives, cowpeas and celery. CONCLUSION: The pesticides in vegetables are detected in the central Shaanxi area, but the total of exceeding standard is low.

[Analysis of pesticides residues in food samples in Shaanxi Province during 2013-2015].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the status of pesticides residues in vegetables, fruits, edible mushrooms and tea bags in Shaanxi Province. METHODS: Ten cities in Shaanxi Province were selected as monitoring area, pesticides residues in food were detected by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The total detection rate of pesticide residues was 15. 60%( 159/1019). The detection rate of pesticides in vegetables, fruits, edible mushrooms and tea bag was 18. 64%, 15. 00%, 4. 68% and23. 63%, respectively. The detection rate of organophosphorus, carbamate, pyrethroid and organochlorine was 7. 36%, 6. 48%, 8. 34% and 5. 79%, respectively. Methyl parathion, parathion, omethoate, cyhalothrin, cyhalothrin and cypermethrin were still overused in the vegetables, and the total exceeding rate was 1. 51%. CONCLUSION: The pesticides in food were detected in Shaanxi Province, but the total of exceeding standard is below the national level.

Detection of pesticides in popular medicinal herbs: a modified QuEChERS and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry based approach.

Although a lot of work has been conducted in the pesticide residues analysis in food matrices but the quality determination (with respect to major contaminants such as pesticide residues) in medicinal plant matrices has a long way to go. Hence a study was conducted to determine pesticide residues in four medicinal herbs, which are highly traded commodities in international market. Samples were extracted and cleaned up by modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) approach and analyzed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The method was subjected to thorough validation procedure in-terms of accuracy, precision, limits of quantification (LOQ), matrix effect, linearity and uncertainty analysis. The mean recoveries for most of the pesticides were in the range of 70-120% with RSD <20% and measurement uncertainties were less than 20% for all the compounds at spiking level of 0.5 mg kg-1 in all the matrices. The limits of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.01 to 0.069 mg kg-1. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine pesticide residues in 52 commercial market samples obtained from different locations in India.

Validation of a QuEChERS-based gas chromatographic method for analysis of pesticide residues in Cassia angustifolia (senna).

A simple multi-residue method based on modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) approach was established for the determination of 17 organochlorine (OC), 15 organophosphorous (OP) and 7 synthetic pyrethroid (SP) pesticides in an economically important medicinal plant of India, Senna (Cassia angustifolia), by gas chromatography coupled to electron capture and flame thermionic detectors (GC/ECD/FTD) and confirmation of residues was done on gas chromatograph coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The developed method was validated by testing the following parameters: linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), matrix effect, accuracy-precision and measurement uncertainty; the validation study clearly demonstrated the suitability of the method for its intended application. All pesticides showed good linearity in the range 0.01-1.0 µg mL(-1) for OCs and OPs and 0.05-2.5 µg mL(-1) for SPs with correlation coefficients higher than 0.98. The method gave good recoveries for most of the pesticides (70-120%) with intra-day and inter-day precision < 20% in most of the cases. The limits of detection varied from 0.003 to 0.03 mg kg(-1), and the LOQs were determined as 0.01-0.049 mg kg(-1). The expanded uncertainties were <30%, which was distinctively less than a maximum default value of ±50%. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine pesticide residues in 12 commercial market samples obtained from different locations in India.

Occurrence and spatial distribution of pesticide residues in butter and ghee (clarified butter fat) in Punjab (India).

The present study was undertaken to monitor organochlorine, organophosphate, and synthetic pyrethroid pesticide residues in butter (n = 55) and ghee (n = 56) samples collected from three different regions of Punjab. The estimation of pesticide residues was done by multiple residue analytical technique using gas chromatography equipped with GC-ECD and GC-FTD. The confirmation of residues was done on gas chromatography mass spectrometry in both selective ion monitoring (SIM) and scan mode. Results indicated the presence of hexacholorocyclohexane (HCH) and p,p' DDE as predominant contaminant in both butter and ghee. Residues of HCH were detected in 25 and 23% samples of butter and ghee, respectively, while residues of p,p' DDE were recorded in 29 and 25% of butter and ghee samples, respectively. None of the butter and ghee sample violated the MRL values of 200 ng g(-1) for HCH and 1250 ng g(-1) for dichorodiphenyl tricholorethane (DDT). The presence of endosulfan, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, deltamethrin, and chlorpyrifos were observed in a few butter and ghee samples at traces. The spatial variation for comparative occurrence of pesticide residues indicated higher levels in the south-western region of Punjab. Additionally, the temporal variation indicated the significant reduction of HCH and DDT levels in butter and ghee in Punjab.

Assessment of health risk from organochlorine pesticides residues in high-fat spreadable foods produced in Poland.

Currently, butter and margarine are food products attracting wide customer interest. Every day, consumers around the world buy these products for human consumption. Butter is obtained from milk fat, while margarine is derived from vegetable oils. The content of organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues was examined in both types of these high fatty products. A gas chromatograph with MSD (HP 5973) detector was used for the determination of pesticides such as α-HCH, ß-HCH, γ-HCH, DDT, DDD, DDE, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide. The examined products had diverse concentrations of the analyzed compounds. Visible was the division based on the origin of the product, which might be composed of animal or vegetable fats. The research has revealed the presence of OCP residues in all examined spreads. Quantities of organochlorine compounds did not pose an immediate danger to the consumers' health. Human and environmental health risk assessment was carried out by the estimation of lifetime average daily dose (LADD) and non-carcinogenic health hazard quotient (HQ). Total estimated LADD ranged between 1.3 × 10(-5) and 3.1 × 10(-5) mg kg(-1) d(-1) for butter, and 1.9 × 10(-6) and 4.6 × 10(-6) mg kg(-1) d(-1) for margarine and mix spread. The HQ ranged between 1.1 × 10(-4) and 3.7 × 10(-4) for butter, and 1.4 × 10(-5) and 9.0 × 10(-6) for margarine and mix spread for adults. These estimated HQs were within the safe acceptable limits, indicating a negligible risk to the residents of the study area.

[Effects of Pesticides Use on Pesticides Residues and Its Environmental Risk Assessment in Xingkai Lake（China）].

Xingkai Lake, located in Heilongjiang Province, is an important fishery and agricultural base and is seriously polluted by agricultural non-point sources. To clarify the residual status of many pesticides in the surface water of Xingkai Lake, 27 types of pesticides, herbicides, and their degradation products were analyzed in rice paddy, drainage, and surface water around Xingkai Lake (China) during the rice heading and maturity periods. The results showed that all 27 types of pesticides, herbicides, and their degradation products were detected during the rice heading period, and the total concentration ranged from 247.97 to 6 094.49 ng·L-1. Additionally, 25 species were detected during the rice maturity period, and the total concentration ranged from 485.36 to 796.23 ng·L-1. In comparison, more pesticides, herbicides, and derived degradation products were detected during the heading period, and their total concentration was higher as well. During the rice heading period, atrazine, simetryn, and paclobutrazol were the main detected pesticides, atrazine and isoprothiolane were the main pesticides detected during the maturity period. The distribution characteristics of pesticides and herbicides in the surface water around Xingkai Lake (China) was similar to that in drainage, so they were probably imported from the drainage and rice paddy. The average risk quotient (RQ) values of atrazine, simetryn, prometryn, butachlor, isoprothiolane, and oxadiazon were higher than 0.1 in drainage and Xingkai Lake (China), which showed a potential risk to aquatic organisms.

SERS detection of triazole pesticide residues on vegetables and fruits using Au decahedral nanoparticles.

Triazole pesticides are widely used in modern agricultural practices to improve agricultural production quality. Simultaneously, unreasonable and standardized use of triazole pesticides could induce a series of potential diseases of humans. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy has attracted enormous research attention because of its label-free and fingerprint detection capability to noninvasively trace extremely low concentration analytes. To the best of our knowledge, there is a lack of systematic comparison regarding the Raman spectral information of triazole pesticides in existing literatures. In this work, we successfully captured the characteristic peaks of six different triazole pesticides individually and simultaneously using Au decahedral nanoparticles. The proposed method exhibited remarkable detection sensitivity, a wide dynamic range, and the capability for in-situ detection of multiple pesticide residues on bean, apple, and vegetable surfaces with satisfactory recovery rates. Therefore, our proposed SERS platform have great applications in agricultural products safety, environmental monitoring and other fields.

A simple AIE probe to pesticide trifluralin residues in aqueous phase: Ultra-fast response, high sensitivity, and quantitative detection utilizing a portable platform.

The threat from pesticide trifluralin residues to ecological environment and public health is becoming a growing problem. Thus, rapid and sensitive detection, particularly a simple and portable detected platform for trifluralin residues, are highly desired. Here, a small organic aggregation-induced emission (AIE) molecule (TPETPy) is facilely synthesized and applied to detect trifluralin both in lab and in actual water systems. Based on the photo-induced electron transfer (PET) mechanism, the emissive peak of TPETPy located at 475 nm in tetrahydrofuran (THF)/water mixture (ƒw = 90 %) under the excitation of 340 nm, decreases dramatically upon trace trifluralin addition and exhibits ultra-fast response (3 s), high sensitivity and selectivity, and good anti-interference ability. The fluorescence sensing correlation with the concentration of trifluralin shows good linearity in the range of 20-90 µg L-1 with the limit of detection of 6.28 µg L-1. Moreover, a portable smartphone-integrated detected platform based on fluorescent pattern Red/Green/Blue (RGB) values is first employed to realize the real-time and on-site quantitative fluorescent detection of trifluralin in actual water sources, featuring good accuracy and reproducibility. Hereby, this work provides not only a highly efficient trifluralin residues fluorescent probe but also a portable and straightforward operating platform to detect trifluralin pesticides quantitatively.

Assessing the environmental pesticides impact of river sediments from a basin in western Mexico: Spatiotemporal distribution, risk assessment of aquatic invertebrates and pesticides prioritization.

The intensive use of pesticides in Mexican agriculture has contributed significantly to the increase in food production, but at the same time represents potential risk to biota. This situation creates a dilemma between the need to increase food production and the preservation of the environment and human health. Aquatic invertebrates play a vital role in the balance of aquatic ecosystems but are sensitive to pesticides contamination. The sensitivity of aquatic invertebrates to pesticides contamination has led them to be used to assess the potential impact of this contamination on aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, conducted in the Ayuquila-Armería basin, the following aims were achieved: 1) quantifying the presence of 20 pesticides in river sediments, 2) assessing the spatiotemporal distribution of pesticides in river sediments, 3) determining the potential risk to aquatic invertebrates, and 4) prioritizing pesticides based on their potential risk. Twelve pesticides were consistently quantified in 192 river sediments samples. The pesticides with the highest concentrations were ametrine, malathion and picloram. The temporal analysis showed seasonality in pesticide concentrations, with higher detection frequencies during the wet season. The risk assessment showed that aquatic invertebrates may be affected by the concentrations of carbofuran, malathion, diazinon and ametrine. Pesticides prioritization identified ametrine, carbofuran, and diazinon as major concerns based on the methodology that considers the Frequency and Extent of Exceedance. This study provides valuable insights into the current pesticides scenario in the Ayuquila-Armería River sediments. The findings underscore the need for sustainable alternatives to mitigate the ecological risks associated with pesticides contamination in this aquatic ecosystem.