Imaging features for the evaluation of skin and nail infections.

Clinical manifestations of dermatological and musculoskeletal conditions can sometimes overlap, leading to confusion in diagnosis. Patients with nail and skin infections may undergo imaging examinations with suspicions of muscle, tendon, or joint injuries. Dermatological infections often involve soft tissues and musculoskeletal structures, and their etiology can range from fungi, bacteria, viruses, to protozoa. Relying solely on physical examination may not be sufficient for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning, necessitating the use of complementary imaging exams. The objective of this paper is to present and discuss imaging findings of the main infectious conditions affecting the nail apparatus and skin. The paper also highlights the importance of imaging in clarifying diagnostic uncertainties and guiding appropriate treatment for dermatological conditions.

A Case Report on Scrofuloderma: A Cutaneous Manifestation of Tuberculosis.

Scrofuloderma, a manifestation of cutaneous tuberculosis, is a less common but clinically significant form of mycobacterial infection. It typically arises from the contiguous spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from an underlying infected lymph node or osseous structure to the adjacent skin. The condition manifests predominantly as chronic, granulomatous inflammation that leads to skin ulcers and abscesses. Despite its rarity, scrofuloderma presents substantial diagnostic challenges, primarily due to its nonspecific clinical presentation, which may mimic other dermatological conditions. This case report delineates the clinical journey of a patient with scrofuloderma who was attended to in a tertiary care setting. It emphasizes the diagnostic complexities encountered, underscored by a comprehensive discussion of the investigative modalities used to establish the diagnosis. This report elaborates on the therapeutic regimen taken, showcasing the effectiveness of a customized antituberculosis treatment plan.

Calvarial Tuberculosis With Skin Tuberculosis in a Child: A Rare Case Report.

Calvarial tuberculosis (TB) is an uncommon form of skeletal TB. Early diagnosis can be challenging as they may exhibit diagnostic dilemmas. Another rare kind of skin TB is called TB verrucosa cutis. In this case, both of these uncommon forms were observed simultaneously and were effectively treated with first-line antitubercular therapy.

A Clinico-Histopathological Study of Lupus Vulgaris at a Tertiary Care Centre.

Background and objectives Lupus vulgaris is a chronic, progressive, paucibacillary form of cutaneous tuberculosis that occurs in persons with moderate to high immunity. Due to its varied clinical presentation, it can masquerade as different dermatological conditions. This study describes the demographic patterns and varieties of clinical manifestations that can be possible in this curable illness. Methods This study was conducted over two years and included 19 patients with histopathologically confirmed lupus vulgaris in Odisha, India. Demographic data, clinical features, and response to treatment are presented. Results Thirteen cases (68.4%) were seen in adults and six (31.6%) in pediatric patients. The lower limbs were the more affected (n=10), followed by the upper limb (6), the face (2), and the chest (1). All but one patient had plaque-type lesions. On histopathology, all showed a tuberculoid granuloma with no demonstration of acid-fast bacilli with Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Conclusion In the present study, the incidence was mostly observed in the young and higher activity age groups (5-40 years). Plaque-type lesions were most commonly encountered. In histopathology, all the cases had tubercular granuloma-type lesions without any incidence of malignant transformations. All the patients responded well to conventional multi-drug anti-tubercular chemotherapeutic regimens.

Gummatous cutaneous tuberculosis associated with the use of infliximab for Crohn's disease.

As the treatment of infectious and parasitic diseases improved, the prevalence of these conditions declined. However, with the expansion of the use of immunobiologicals, opportunistic infections have emerged, especially under atypical presentations. The present study reports the case of a patient treated with infliximab for Crohn's disease, who presented diarrhea, weight loss, abdominal pain, fever, and subcutaneous erythematous nodules that evolved with spontaneous fluctuation and ulceration. With the finding of alcohol-resistant bacilli and Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in a cutaneous fragment, through polymerase chain reaction, the diagnosis of gummatous tuberculosis was confirmed, probably secondary to hematogenous dissemination from an intestinal focus.

Gummatous cutaneous tuberculosis associated with the use of infliximab for Crohn's disease

Abstract As the treatment of infectious and parasitic diseases improved, the prevalence of these conditions declined. However, with the expansion of the use of immunobiologicals, opportunistic infections have emerged, especially under atypical presentations. The present study reports the case of a patient treated with infliximab for Crohn's disease, who presented diarrhea, weight loss, abdominal pain, fever, and subcutaneous erythematous nodules that evolved with spontaneous fluctuation and ulceration. With the finding of alcohol-resistant bacilli and Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in a cutaneous fragment, through polymerase chain reaction, the diagnosis of gummatous tuberculosis was confirmed, probably secondary to hematogenous dissemination from an intestinal focus.

Bindi Tuberculosis - Lupus Vulgaris Associated with Bindi Use: A Case Report.

Cutaneous lesions are relatively uncommon manifestations of tuberculosis (TB). A 40-year-old female presented with skin lesion over the forehead since two months. She used to apply bindi over the same area since past 25 years. Based on skin biopsy and other ancillary investigations, she was diagnosed as a case of lupus vulgaris and initiated on anti TB medications following which, the lesion regressed. Thus, we herein report the first case of cutaneous tuberculosis (lupus vulgaris) associated with long term use of bindi.

Tuberculosis extrapulmonar en el niño / Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in children

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is the most common type of TB in children. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is also prevalent (about 30-40 percent of cases) and it can occur in a variety of anatomical sites. This study presents a review of the literature on the main clinical manifestations of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in children, its diagnosis and treatment. At the end, some reflections on the importance of BCG for prevention are presented.

La tuberculosis (TB) pulmonar es el tipo más común de TB en niños. La tuberculosis extrapulmonar también es frecuente (alrededor de 30-40 por ciento de los casos) y se puede presentar en una gran variedad de sitios anatómicos. Se hace una revisión de la literatura sobre las principales manifestaciones clínicas extrapulmonares de la tuberculosis en niños, su diagnóstico y su tratamiento. Al final se hacen algunas reflexiones sobre la importancia de la BCG para su prevención.