Immunisation schedule of the Spanish Association of Pediatrics: 2024 recommendations.

The AEP Immunization Calendar for 2024, with its immunization recommendations for pregnant women, children and adolescents residing in Spain, marks the 25th edition since the first one was introduced in 1995, being annual since 2003, as a vaccination calendar, and since 2023 as immunization schedule due to the inclusion of a monoclonal antibody for the prevention of RSV disease. Novelties for this year include the following: The rest of the recommendations from the previous calendar remain unchanged.

Immunisation schedule of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics: 2023 Recommendations.

As it does every year, the CAV-AEP publishes the update of its recommendations for the use of vaccines in children, adolescents and pregnant women residing in Spain. The 2 + 1 schedule is maintained in infants (at 2, 4 and 11 months), including preterm infants, with the hexavalent vaccine (DTaP-IPV-Hib-HB) and the pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine. A booster dose with DTaP-IPV is needed at 6 years for those who received the 2 + 1 series with hexavalent vaccine as infants, in addition to 1 dose of dTap in adolescence. Routine vaccination of pregnant women with a dose of dTap is recommended in each pregnancy, preferably between weeks 27 and 32 of gestation, although can be given from 20 weeks if there is risk of preterm delivery. All infants should receive the rotavirus vaccine (2-3 doses) and the 4CMenB vaccine (2 + 1 series). All children aged 6-59 months should be vaccinated against influenza each year. The MenACWY vaccine should be given routinely at 12 months of age and in adolescence between ages 12 and 18 years. The recommendations for the MMR vaccine (12 months and 3-4 years) and varicella vaccine (15 months and 3-4 years) also remain unchanged, using the MMRV vaccine for the second dose. Recommendations for the use of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the paediatric age group will be updated periodically on the CAV-AEP website. The HPV vaccine is indicated in all adolescents, regardless of sex, at age 12 years. Novelties include the recommendation of routine administration of nirsevimab to neonates and infants aged less than 6 months for passive immunization against RSV, and the recommendations regarding the hexavalent vaccine are consolidated in a single section.

Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Parent Attitudes About Childhood Vaccines (PACV) scale.

AIMS: This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the "Parental Attitudes toward Childhood Vaccines" (PACV) scale. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A two-stage observational validation study was conducted. A back-translation technique was used and then the scale was validated with a sample of 343 parents with children aged 0-72 months. The test-retest method, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, Split-half analysis, and item analysis methods were used to determine the reliability of the scale, factor analyses were run to determine construct validity. Explanatory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis were applied to assess construct validity. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha coefficient was measured as .84. The Spearman-Brown coefficient was .82 and the Guttman Split-half coefficient was .81. According to the item-total correlation and Cronbach's alpha values when the item was deleted, no item was deleted from the scale. The intraclass correlation coefficient between the test-retest measurements was .79. The three-factor structure consisting of 15 items explained 51.6% of the total variance. As a result of the confirmatory factor analysis, a sufficient fit of the model to the model proposed in the original version of the scale was evident (χ2/sd=2.214, RMSEA=.06). CONCLUSION: The Turkish version of the PACV is a valid and reliable scale and can be used to identify parental attitudes toward childhood vaccines.

Percepción de los padres sobre la vacunación infantil / Parents' perception of child vaccination

La percepción de padres ante los programas de vacunación de los niños para la prevención de enfermedades, así como las campañas de información y conocimiento sobre las vacunas, motiva el interés científico por conocer y evaluar los factores relacionados al grado de conocimiento, aptitudes y fuentes de información de la población sobre las vacunas, siendo la inmunización un método que permite adquirir inmunidad contra las enfermedades comunes y mortales y reduce gastos por tratamientos para la mejoría de la salud. Objetivo: Describir la percepción de los padres sobre la vacunación infantil. Metodología: Investigación cualitativa, a través del estudio de revisión de contenido relacionado con el descriptor vacunación, donde se recopila la información de interés según su aparición en la búsqueda. El estudio está basado en el paradigma positivista con observación y registro de información relevante con el tema. Resultados: La falta de información sobre los riesgos y beneficios de la vacunación es un factor que induce a la desconfianza e inseguridad respecto a las vacunas; gran parte de los padres considera útil la vacuna, necesaria y beneficiosa pero prevalece la idea que la inmunización puede ser algo peligroso y con efectos indeseables y secuelas graves por información mediática no bién conducida. Conclusiones: Diversos estudios señalan factores que impiden que los padres de los niños cumplan con los esquemas de vacunación, entre estos la falta de información y conocimiento sobre las vacunas, que evitan las enfermedades en los menores reforzando el sistema inmunológico, así como, otra de las razones es la falta de vacunas en los centros asistenciales, que genera desinterés y dificulta el cumplimiento de los programas de vacunación, además, servicios lentos y poca empatía del personal que presta atención en los centros de salud aumentan la percepción negativa sobre la vacunación(AU)

The perception of parents regarding the vaccination programs for children for the prevention of diseases, as well as the information and knowledge campaigns about vaccines, motivates the scientific interest in knowing and evaluating the factors related to the degree of knowledge, aptitudes and sources of information for the population about vaccines, immunization being a method that allows acquiring immunity against common and deadly diseases and reduces expenses for treatments to improve health. Objective: To describe the perception of parents about childhood vaccination. Materials and Methods Qualitative research, through a content review study related to the vaccination descriptor, where the information of interest is compiled according to its appearance in the search. The study is based on the positivist paradigm with observation and recording of information relevant to the subject. Results: The lack of information about the risks and benefits of vaccination is a factor that induces mistrust and insecurity regarding vaccines; A large part of the parents considers the vaccine useful, necessary and beneficial, but the idea prevails that immunization can be something dangerous and with undesirable effects and serious sequelae due to misguided media information. Conclusnios: Various studies point to factors that prevent parents of children from complying with vaccination schedules, including lack of information and knowledge about vaccines, which prevent diseases in minors by strengthening the immune system, as well as another of The reasons are the lack of vaccines in health centers, which generates disinterest and makes it difficult to comply with vaccination programs, in addition, slow services and little empathy of the personnel who provide care in health centers increase the negative perception about vaccination(AU)