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1.
BMC Med Educ ; 23(1): 937, 2023 Dec 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38066560

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Spiritual care occupies a special place in holistic care and improving the quality of services provided to patients. The component of clinical self-efficacy is recognized as a prerequisite for clinical capacity and competency. The current study determined the level of spiritual care competency and its relationship with clinical self-efficacy in nursing students. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 194 nursing students studying in medical sciences universities in Yazd, Iran, who were selected by convenient sampling. Data collection tools were a spiritual care competency scale and nursing students' clinical self-efficacy questionnaire. The gleaned data were analyzed by SPSS20 using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: The mean scores of spiritual care competency and clinical self-efficacy of students were 70.29 ± 9.58 and 102.40 ± 21.57, respectively. The results of Pearson's correlation coefficient test showed that clinical self-efficacy had a positive significant correlation with spiritual care competency (p = 0.04, r = 0.14). The mean score of spiritual care competency was higher in female students (71.10 ± 9.81) than male students (67.50 ± 8.23) with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). The regression test results suggested that clinical self-efficacy can be considered as a predictor of spiritual care competency. CONCLUSION: The results revealed that spiritual care competency in nursing students was at an average level, and the higher the level of clinical self-efficacy is, the more developed the spiritual care competency will be. Thus, nursing educators and health system managers should pay special attention to improving the clinical self-efficacy of nursing students to develop their spiritual care competency.


Assuntos
Terapias Espirituais , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Autoeficácia , Estudos Transversais , Espiritualidade , Inquéritos e Questionários
2.
J Clin Nurs ; 32(7-8): 1148-1162, 2023 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35285563

RESUMO

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To develop and psychometrically test a self-assessment tool that measures undergraduate nursing and midwifery students' perceptions of spiritual care competence in health care practice. BACKGROUND: Spiritual care is part of nurses/midwives' responsibility. There is a need to better benchmark students' competency development in spiritual care through their education. The EPICC Spiritual Care Education Standard served as groundwork for the development of the EPICC Spiritual Care Competency Self-Assessment Tool. DESIGN: Cross sectional, mixed methods design. A STROBE checklist was used. METHODS: The Tool (available in English, Dutch and Norwegian) was developed by an international group. It was tested between July-October 2020 with a convenience sample of 323 nursing/midwifery students at eight universities in five countries. The Tool was tested for validity using Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, one-way ANOVA and independent samples t test. The reliability was tested by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: The KMO test for sampling adequacy was 0.90. All, but two, items were related to the same factor. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the Tool was 0.91. Students found the Tool easy to use, and they gained new insights by completing it. However, students felt that some questions were repetitive and took time to complete. CONCLUSIONS: The Tool has construct and discriminant validity, and high internal consistency (is reliable). In addition, students found the Tool useful, especially in early stages of education. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The Tool affords student nurses and midwives the opportunity to self-evaluate their knowledge, skills and attitudes about spirituality and spiritual care. The Tool offers students, educators and preceptors in clinical practice a tangible way of discussing and evaluating spiritual care competency.


Assuntos
Bacharelado em Enfermagem , Tocologia , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros , Terapias Espirituais , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Gravidez , Humanos , Feminino , Tocologia/educação , Espiritualidade , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudos Transversais , Autoavaliação (Psicologia)
3.
BMC Nurs ; 22(1): 202, 2023 Jun 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37312129

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Although providing spiritual care is an important part of holistic nursing care for psychiatric patients, factors associated with spiritual care competency in mental health nurses remain unclear. The aim of our study was to explore a possible association of personal and external factors with spiritual care competency in mental health nurses. METHODS: This prospective questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted by inviting mental health nurses from mental health hospitals and tertiary referral centers. Personality traits and spiritual care competency were assessed by using [1] "big-five Mini-Markers" questionnaire, and [2] spiritual care competency scale, respectively. From the 250 mental health nurses being invited, 239 valid questionnaires were valid for final analysis. Statistical analyses including descriptive statistics, ANOVAs, t-tests, and hierarchical multiple regression models were used to investigate the associations between personal/external factors and their spiritual care competency in mental health nurses. RESULTS: The mean age of the 239 participants was 35.96 ± 8.11 and the mean years of working experience was 9.41 ± 7.06. Over 90% of them had no experience of providing spiritual care. There were significant positive correlations of spiritual care competency with the experience of delivering spiritual care (p < 0.001), previous participation in spiritual care education programs (p = 0.045), a longer working experience (p = 0.014), and a higher education level (postgraduate vs. college, p = 0.006), as well as the personality components of "Conscientiousness" (p < 0.001), "Agreeableness" (p < 0.001), "Extraversion" (p = 0.03), and "Openness/Intellect" (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Both personal and external factors may be related to the self-perception of spiritual care competency among mental health nurses. These findings may help mental health nurses understand the possible positive and negative associations of their personality components with their spiritual care abilities. Moreover, our identification of the positive impacts of educational programs and previous experience of spiritual care on spiritual care competency may underscore the importance of tailoring appropriate training programs to cater for the individual needs of mental health nurses.

4.
J Nurs Manag ; 30(7): 3368-3377, 2022 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36064199

RESUMO

AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the status quo of nurses' spiritual care competency and their relationship with perceived professional benefit. BACKGROUND: Spiritual care has always been considered a vitally important part of holistic nursing. Understanding the spiritual care competency of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic can help nursing managers understand the weak links in spiritual care practice and improve the quality of nursing service. As a positive emotional experience and cognitive evaluation of the profession, perceived professional benefit can serve to adjust work pressure, relieve job burnout and promote an individual's overall growth. However, the relationship between perceived professional benefit among nurses and spiritual care competency remains unclear. METHODS: A total of 372 nurses were recruited from 15 separate Chinese hospitals. An online questionnaire was used to assess nurses' sociodemographic, spiritual care competency and perceived professional benefit. Statistical analyses were performed using Pearson's correlation analysis, t test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple stepwise linear regression analysis. RESULTS: The total mean score of spiritual care competency (99.43 ± 21.10) among nurses was found to be moderate. Nurses' spiritual care competency was positively correlated with perceived professional benefit (P < .01). The multiple stepwise linear regression model (n = 372) had an explained variance (R2 = 0.218) and showed that perceived professional benefit and the manner of receiving spiritual training were the main influencing factors of nurses' spiritual care competency (P < .001). CONCLUSION: The study findings indicated that nurses need to improve their spiritual care competency by improving their perceived professional benefit. IMPLICATION FOR NURSING MANAGERS: Our study evaluated the spiritual care competency of nurses and explored the correlation between perceived professional benefit and spiritual care competency among nurses. The results of this study can help nursing managers to carry out relevant interventions, thus improving nurses' spiritual care competency and optimizing the quality of nursing.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Terapias Espirituais , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Pandemias , Espiritualidade , Inquéritos e Questionários
5.
J Nurs Manag ; 29(6): 1713-1722, 2021 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33682206

RESUMO

AIMS: To investigate the status of spiritual care competencies among clinical nurses and their relationships with psychological capital. BACKGROUND: Limited knowledge is about the influence of positive personal characteristics on nurses' spiritual care competencies. METHODS: A multicentre cross-sectional study. A total of 1717 nurses were recruited from nine separate Chinese hospitals. Online questionnaires were delivered through a local nursing association to assess socio-demographics, spiritual care competencies and psychological capital of nurses. RESULTS: Nurses had mild-to-moderate levels of spiritual care competencies and moderate levels of psychological capital. Psychological capital and its two metrics (self-efficacy and hope), spiritual care education, professional qualification and shift work were the main predictors of spiritual care competencies (each p < .05). CONCLUSION: The findings of the study show a positive relationship between psychological capital and spiritual care competencies of clinical nurses. Strengthening nurses' psychological capital could improve their spiritual care competencies. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGERS: Nurse managers and hospital administrators should better understand the value of psychological capital for nurses' capacity development. Effective interventions need to be implemented separately or combined with spiritual care education programmes to improve nurses' psychological capital and spiritual care competencies.


Assuntos
Enfermeiros Administradores , Terapias Espirituais , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Espiritualidade , Inquéritos e Questionários
6.
J Clin Nurs ; 29(9-10): 1599-1613, 2020 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31855298

RESUMO

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To determine factors associated with nurses' spiritual care competencies. BACKGROUND: Holistic nursing care includes biopsychosocial and spiritual care. However, nurses are limited by a lack of knowledge, time constraints and apprehension of assessing spiritual issues, which leaves them unable to assess and meet patients' spiritual needs. Thus, when patients experience spiritual distress, clinical nurses lose the opportunity to support spiritual growth and self-actualisation. In Taiwan, spiritual care, religion and culture are unique compared to those in other countries. Overall, factors associated with Taiwanese nurses' spiritual care competencies lack comprehensive exploration. METHODS: This study adopted a descriptive correlational design using cross-sectional survey (see Appendix S1). Cluster sampling was used to select clinical nurses from fourteen units of a medical centre and a regional hospital. Data were collected from January-June 2018 with a 97.03% response rate. Clinical nurses completed a background questionnaire, spiritual care practice questionnaire, spirituality and spiritual care-related scales. Data were analysed using descriptive and linear regression. This report followed the STROBE checklist. RESULTS: Spiritual care competence ranged from 44-123 (mean 84.67 ± 12.88; range 27-135). The majority of clinical nurses rated their spiritual care competence as moderate (64-98). The significant factors associated with nurses' spiritual care competence were education, religion, interest in spiritual care, having role models, past life events, barriers to providing spiritual care of the spiritual care practice score, and spiritual attitude and involvement score. The overall model was significant (p < .001) and accounted for 55.0% of variance (adjusted R2  = .488). CONCLUSIONS: Most clinical nurses have moderate spiritual care competence. Objective factors identified affect clinical nurses' spiritual care competencies. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: To improve nurses' spiritual care competencies, objective factors that affect clinical nurses' spiritual care competencies must be emphasised. Multiple strategies for enhancing nurses' own spiritual well-being can be provided via employee health promotion projects and activities, and promoting nurses' spirituality and spiritual care competencies can be explored in clinical settings through bedside teaching, situational simulation, objective structured clinical examinations and self-reflection.


Assuntos
Competência Clínica , Enfermagem Holística/normas , Terapias Espirituais/enfermagem , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Espiritualidade , Inquéritos e Questionários , Taiwan
7.
BMC Palliat Care ; 18(1): 104, 2019 Nov 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31771570

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Although spiritual care is a basic element of holistic nursing, nurses' spiritual care knowledge and abilities are often unable to satisfy patients' spiritual care needs. Therefore, nurses are in urgent need of relevant training to enhance their abilities to provide patients with spiritual care. DESIGN: A nonrandomized controlled trial. OBJECTIVE: To establish a spiritual care training protocol and verify its effectiveness. METHODS: This study recruited 92 nurses at a cancer treatment hospital in a single province via voluntary sign-up. The nurses were divided into two groups-the study group (45 people) and the control (wait-listed) group (47 people)-using a coin-toss method. The study group received one spiritual care group training session every six months based on their routine nursing education; this training chiefly consisted of lectures by experts, group interventions, clinical practice, and case sharing. The control group participated in monthly nursing education sessions organized by the hospital for 12 continuous months. RESULTS: After 12 months of intervention, the nurses in the study group had significantly higher overall spiritual health and spiritual care competency scores as well as significantly higher scores on all individual dimensions compared with those in the control group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: A spiritual care training protocol for nurses based on the concept of mutual growth with patients enhances nurses' spiritual well-being and spiritual care competencies.


Assuntos
Enfermagem Oncológica/educação , Competência Profissional/normas , Terapias Espirituais/normas , Adulto , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Institutos de Câncer/organização & administração , Institutos de Câncer/estatística & dados numéricos , China , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Enfermagem Oncológica/métodos , Competência Profissional/estatística & dados numéricos , Terapias Espirituais/psicologia , Terapias Espirituais/estatística & dados numéricos
8.
Healthcare (Basel) ; 11(1)2022 Dec 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36611496

RESUMO

Across their lifespans, and in many clinical settings, patients have spiritual care needs. Many nurses lack competence related to providing spiritual care. Popular educational strategies, such as simulated educational programs and objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE), have not been widely adopted in nursing spiritual care education. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of a scenario-based spiritual care course on spiritual care competence in nurses. This quasi-experimental study employed a repeated-measures pre-test/post-test design with assessments immediately before, immediately after, and 3 months post-intervention. Nurses providing direct patient care in diverse clinical settings were recruited from a large medical foundation in northern Taiwan. The intervention was a one day scenario-based spiritual care course and OSCE. The experimental group (n = 53) and controls (n = 85) were matched for their similar units, ages, working experience, and clinical ladder status. The Spiritual Care Competence Scale (SCCS), Spiritual Perspective Scale (SPS), Spiritual Care Perspective Scale-Revised (SCPS-R), and reflection logs were completed by both experimental and control groups. The Course Satisfaction Scale, OSCE Checklist, and Standardized Patient Feedback Scale (SPFS) were completed by the experimental group only. The experimental group had significantly higher SPS scores and self-evaluated SCCS scores, and lower SCPS-R scores (more positive spiritual perspectives), than controls at 3 months post-intervention. The experimental group showed significant within-subject effects at three time points on SPS scores, SCPS-R scores, and self-evaluated SCCS scores. Mean global performance of OSCE was 3.40 ± 0.91, and SP feedback indicated strengths and areas for improvement. In conclusion, the scenario-based spiritual care course effectively enhanced nurses' spiritual care competence, competence, and skills. Blended education techniques can therefore enhance nurses' ability to support patients with spiritual care needs.

9.
Nurse Educ Today ; 114: 105403, 2022 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35597195

RESUMO

Spiritual care is a fundamental aspect of caring and compassionate nursing/midwifery practice. However, nurses/midwives consistently report feeling unprepared to provide spiritual care for various reasons. A key reason appears to be the lack of structured spiritual care education in undergraduate nursing/midwifery curricula. Between 2016 and 2019, the three-year, European EPICC project ('Enhancing nurses' and midwives' competence in Providing spiritual care through Innovative education and 'Compassionate Care') sought to address gaps in nursing/midwifery competence in spiritual care. A key project output, and the focus of this paper, is the EPICC Gold Standard Matrix for Spiritual Care Education ('EPICC Matrix'), which depicts the complex array of factors hindering/facilitating the development of nursing/midwifery spiritual care competency. The EPICC project followed two major studies that identified factors contributing to nursing/midwifery spiritual care competency development. This evidence, along with the mixed methods focus of the EPICC project to enable co-projection of its outputs informed the development of the EPICC Matrix. The EPICC Matrix was considered to represent 'the cultural, social and political environment in which spiritual care competency develops' in student nurses/midwives. The EPICC Matrix illustrates spiritual care educational considerations during the process of selecting suitable nursing/midwifery students; through the specific aspects of the teaching and learning environment, the student as a person, and the clinical environment in which spiritual care competency develops; and finally, how the student is assessed as competent in providing spiritual care. Recent research supports the use of the EPICC Matrix in undergraduate nursing/midwifery curricula and strengthens the case for support of the other EPICC project outputs, including: the EPICC Spiritual Care Education Standard, EPICC Adoption Toolkit, and the continuation of the EPICC Network. Further testing of the EPICC Matrix to determine its relevance in different cultural/professional contexts within and outside of Europe would be welcomed.


Assuntos
Bacharelado em Enfermagem , Tocologia , Terapias Espirituais , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Feminino , Humanos , Tocologia/educação , Gravidez , Espiritualidade
10.
Nurse Educ Pract ; 57: 103227, 2021 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34673388

RESUMO

AIM/OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between perceived competence in spiritual care and spiritual intelligence among nursing students. BACKGROUND: One of the most important duties of nurses is to pay attention to the spiritual needs of patients and provide them with proper spiritual care. Therefore, professional competence in this area is essential for nurses and nursing students. Also, spiritual intelligence is a factor influencing the caring behaviors of nurses. DESIGN: A cross-sectional and correlational study SETTINGS/PARTICIPANTS: This study was included 510 undergraduate nursing students in two public faculties of nursing in Iran in the 2018-2019 academic year. METHODS: The samples were selected using a census method. A demographic information questionnaire, the valid and reliable Iranian questionnaire of nurses' competencies in spiritual care and the spiritual intelligence self-report inventory (SISRI) were used to collect data. RESULTS: A significant positive correlation was found between nursing students' competence in spiritual care and spiritual intelligence (p < 0.001, r = 0.26). No significant differences were found between the mean competence scores of spiritual care in terms of demographic characteristics. There were significant differences between the mean spiritual intelligence score in terms of age, marital status, history of clinical practice and academic year. The regression model indicated that for increased rates of spiritual intelligence, professional competence in spiritual care would rise as much as 0.39. CONCLUSION: Spiritual intelligence can affect the competence of nursing students in providing spiritual care to patients. Therefore, to promote students' spiritual intelligence, appropriate plans with the aim of promoting the level of critical thinking and spiritual self-awareness are recommended.


Assuntos
Bacharelado em Enfermagem , Terapias Espirituais , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Inteligência , Irã (Geográfico) , Competência Profissional , Inquéritos e Questionários
11.
Nurse Educ Pract ; 39: 96-104, 2019 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31446220

RESUMO

This is the second of two papers reporting the development of a spiritual care competency framework for pre-registration nurses and midwives as part of a PhD study using an embedded sequential mixed methods eclectic research design. The first paper outlines how 116 competency items were generated from an in-depth review of international literature, and offers a theoretical model to underpin development of the Framework. AIM: This paper reports how the Framework was developed. METHOD/RESULTS: Five focus groups were held with stakeholders in Malta (chaplains/spiritual leaders, undergraduate nursing/midwifery educators, qualified nurses/midwives, parents/carers, patients/clients) to ensure that aspects of spirituality/spiritual care important to them, but not identified in the literature review, were included in the Framework. The resulting 55 competencies in seven domains formed the Delphi Questionnaire which was validated using a two round modified Delphi method involving experts from Malta. The final seven domain 54 item Framework demonstrated good to strong internal consistency, stability and a good fit with a six factor model. CONCLUSION: The Framework's greatest immediate contribution is in its ability to inform undergraduate nursing/midwifery spiritual care curriculum design and delivery. Further development of the Framework could assist in student selection ensuring that the 'art' of nursing/midwifery has parity with the 'science'.


Assuntos
Competência Clínica , Técnica Delphi , Tocologia/educação , Espiritualidade , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Currículo , Bacharelado em Enfermagem , Grupos Focais , Humanos , Malta
12.
J Med Life ; 11(4): 346-354, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30894893

RESUMO

Aim & Objective: Due to the importance of spiritual care as a part of holistic care, this study aimed to investigate the effect of spiritual intelligence training on the nurses' competence in spiritual care in critical care units. Methods: The study was performed on 82 nurses (40 in the experimental group and 42 in the control group). Participants were selected from critical care units of teaching hospitals affiliated to Lorestan University of Medical Sciences. The experimental group took part in eight sessions of spiritual intelligence training, held in the form of workshops. In the control group, no intervention was made. The scale for assessing nurses' competencies in spiritual care was completed before, immediately and one month after the sessions in two groups. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 15. Results: The results showed that spiritual intelligence training had a positive effect on nurses' competence in spiritual care. Also, 89% of the nurses who participated in the study had not been given any prior education regarding spiritual care. Nurses considered barriers to spiritual care including inadequate staff, cultural differences, high workload and lack of education on this subject. Conclusions: The present results showed that the training of spiritual intelligence could develop the nurses' competence in spiritual care. The development of spiritual care provided by nurses can result in various outcomes such as increased satisfaction with care in patients, reduced anxiety and symptoms of depression during hospitalization, reduced length of hospitalization and, in general, improved quality of life.


Assuntos
Cuidados Críticos/psicologia , Inteligência , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/psicologia , Espiritualidade , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Qualidade de Vida
13.
Nurse Educ Today ; 67: 64-71, 2018 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29763841

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Nurses and midwives care for people at some of the most vulnerable moments of their lives, so it is essential that they have the skills to give care which is compassionate, dignified, holistic and person-centred. Holistic care includes spiritual care which is concerned with helping people whose beliefs, values and sense of meaning, purpose and connection is challenged by birth, illness or death. Spiritual care is expected of nurses/midwives but they feel least prepared for this part of their role. How nursing and midwifery students can be prepared for spiritual care is the focus of this study. OBJECTIVES: 1. To describe undergraduate nursing and midwifery student's perceptions of spirituality/spiritual care, their perceived competence in giving spiritual care and how these perceptions change over time. 2. To explore factors contributing to development of spiritual care competency. METHODS: Prospective, longitudinal, multinational, correlational survey design. A convenience sample of 2193 undergraduate nursing and midwifery students (69% response rate, dropping to 33%) enrolled at 21 universities in eight countries completed questionnaires capturing demographic data (purpose designed questionnaire) and measuring perception of spirituality/spiritual care (SSCRS), spiritual care competency (SCCS), spiritual wellbeing (JAREL) and spiritual attitude and involvement (SAIL) on 4 occasions (start of course n = 2193, year 2 n = 1182, year 3 n = 736, end of course n = 595) between 2011 and 2015. Data were analysed using descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses as appropriate. RESULTS: Perceived competency increased significantly over the course of students' study which they attributed to caring for patients, events in their own lives and teaching/discussion in university. Two factors were significantly correlated with perceived spiritual care competency: perception of spirituality/spiritual care, where a broad view was preferable, and personal spirituality, where high spiritual wellbeing (JAREL) and spiritual attitude and involvement (SAIL) scores were preferable. CONCLUSIONS: We have provided the first international evidence that perceived spiritual care competence is developed in undergraduate nursing and midwifery students and that students' perceptions of spirituality and personal spirituality contribute to that development. Implications for teaching and learning and student selection are discussed. The study is limited by attrition which is common in longitudinal research.


Assuntos
Tocologia/economia , Espiritualidade , Estudantes de Enfermagem/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Bacharelado em Enfermagem , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Assistência Centrada no Paciente , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto Jovem
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