Semaglutide Use Prior to Total Hip Arthroplasty Results in Fewer Postoperative Prosthetic Joint Infections and Readmissions.

BACKGROUND: Semaglutide, a novel diabetes management medication, is known for its efficacy in inducing weight loss. Despite this, its impact on outcomes after total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate if THA patients on semaglutide demonstrate: (1) fewer medical complications; (2) fewer implant-related complications; (3) fewer readmissions; and (4) lower costs. METHODS: Using a national claims database from 2010 to 2021, we retrospectively examined diabetic patients prescribed semaglutide who underwent primary THA. This yielded 9,465 patients (Semaglutide = 1,653; Control = 7,812). Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the following outcomes: 90-day postoperative medical complications, 2-year implant-related complications, 90-day readmissions, in-hospital lengths of stay, and day-of-surgery and 90-day episode of care costs. RESULTS: Semaglutide users exhibited lower 90-day readmission rates (6.2 versus 8.8%; odds ratio 0.68; P < .01) and reduced prosthetic joint infections (1.6 versus 2.9%; odds ratio 0.56; P < .01). However, medical complication rates, hospital stays, same-day surgical costs, and 90-day episode costs showed no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights semaglutide users undergoing THA with fewer 90-day readmissions and 2-year prosthetic joint infections. Although no variance appeared in medical complications, hospital stays, or costs, the medication's notable glycemic control and weight loss benefits could prompt pre-surgery consideration. Further research is essential for a comprehensive understanding of semaglutide's impact on post-THA outcomes.

Evaluation of time to reimplantation as a risk factor in two-stage revision with static spacers for periprosthetic knee joint infection.

INTRODUCTION: We investigated the time to reimplantation (TTR) during two-stage revision using static spacers with regard to treatment success and function in patients with chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the knee. METHODS: 163 patients (median age 72 years, 72 women) who underwent two-stage exchange for chronic knee PJI between 2012 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed (based on the 2011 Musculoskeletal Infection Society criteria). A cutoff TTR for increased risk of reinfection was identified using the maximally selected log-rank statistic. Infection control, aseptic revisions and overall survival were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival estimates. Adjustment for confounding factors-the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and C-reactive protein (CRP)-was done with a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: When TTR exceeded 94 days, the adjusted hazard of reinfection was increased 2.8-fold (95% CI 1.4-5.7; p = 0.0036). The reinfection-free rate was 67% (95% CI 52-79%) after 2 years and 33% (95% CI 11-57%) after 5 years for a longer TTR compared to 89% (95% CI 81-94%) and 80% (95% CI 69-87%) at 2 and 5 years, respectively, for a shorter TTR. Adjusted overall survival and number of aseptic revisions did not differ between the longer TTR and shorter TTR groups. Maximum knee flexion was 90° (IQR 84-100) for a longer TTR and 95° (IQR 90-100) for a shorter TTR (p = 0.0431), with no difference between the groups in Oxford Knee Score. Baseline characteristics were similar (body mass index, age, previous surgeries, microorganisms) for the two groups, except that there was a higher CCI (median 4 vs. 3) and higher CRP (median 3.7 vs 2.6 mg/dl) in the longer TTR group. CONCLUSION: A long TTR is sometimes unavoidable in clinical practice, but surgeons should be aware of a potentially higher risk of reinfection. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III, retrospective comparative study.

Robotics and Navigation Do Not Affect the Risk of Periprosthetic Joint Infection Following Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Analysis.

BACKGROUND: The use of computer navigation or robotic assistance during primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) has yielded numerous benefits due to more accurate component positioning. The utilization of these tools is generally associated with longer operative times and also necessitates additional surgical equipment and personnel in the operating room. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of technology assistance on periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after primary THA. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records for 12,726 patients who had undergone primary THA at a single high-volume institution between 2018 and 2021. Patients were stratified by surgical technique (conventional THA, computer-navigated THA [CN-THA], or robotic-assisted THA [RA-THA]) and were matched 1:1 with use of propensity score matching. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were performed to compare the rates of PJI within 90 days postoperatively between the cohorts. RESULTS: After propensity score matching, there were 4,006 patients in the THA versus RA-THA analysis (2,003 in each group) and 5,288 patients in the THA versus CN-THA analysis (2,644 in each group). CN-THA (p < 0.001) and RA-THA (p < 0.001) were associated with longer operative times compared with conventional THA by 3 and 11 minutes, respectively. The rates of PJI after conventional THA (0.2% to 0.4%) were similar to those after CN-THA (0.4%) and RA-THA (0.4%). On the basis of logistic regression, the development of PJI was not associated with the use of computer navigation (odds ratio [OR], 1.8 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.7 to 5.3]; p = 0.232) or robotic assistance (OR, 0.9 [95% CI, 0.3 to 2.3]; p = 0.808). CONCLUSIONS: Despite longer operative times associated with the use of computer navigation and robotic assistance, the use of these tools was not associated with an increased risk of PJI within 90 days after surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level III . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Higher Blood Glucose Levels on the Day of Surgery Are Associated with an Increased Risk of Periprosthetic Joint Infection After Total Hip Arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND: Hyperglycemia has been identified as a risk factor for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, there is no consensus with regard to the preoperative blood glucose level (BGL) on the day of the surgical procedure associated with increased risk. We sought to identify preoperative BGL thresholds associated with an increased risk of PJI. METHODS: The Premier Healthcare Database was retrospectively queried for adult patients who underwent primary, elective THA and had a measurement of the preoperative BGL recorded on the day of the surgical procedure (preoperative BGL) from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2021. The association between preoperative BGL and 90-day PJI risk was modeled using multivariable logistic regression with restricted cubic splines. Patients with and without diabetes with a preoperative BGL associated with 1.5 times greater odds of PJI (high preoperative BGL) were then compared with patients with a normal preoperative BGL. RESULTS: In this study, 90,830 patients who underwent THA and had a recorded preoperative BGL were identified. The preoperative BGL associated with 1.5 times greater odds of PJI was found to be 277 mg/dL in patients with diabetes and 193 mg/dL in patients without diabetes. Compared with the normal preoperative BGL cohort, those with high preoperative BGL had increased odds of PJI (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.60 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.45 to 4.67] for patients with diabetes and 1.66 [95% CI, 1.10 to 2.51] for patients without diabetes) and 90-day readmissions (adjusted OR, 1.92 [95% CI, 1.45 to 2.53] for patients with diabetes and 1.66 [95% CI, 1.37 to 2.00] for patients without diabetes). CONCLUSIONS: Increased preoperative BGL was found to be associated with an increased risk of PJI following primary THA. Surgeons should be aware of patients with diabetes and a preoperative BGL of >277 mg/dL and patients without diabetes but with a preoperative BGL of >193 mg/dL. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level III . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Infectious wrist arthritis complicating acute carpal tunnel syndrome in a child: A CARE-compliant case report.

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this case report is to provide clinical evidence that acute infectious wrist arthritis in children can lead to the rare condition of acute carpal tunnel syndrome (ACTS). This article discusses in detail the characteristics of infectious wrist arthritis complicating ACTS in children in terms of etiology, pathogenic bacteria, treatment modalities, and sequelae to improve the understanding of this disease. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 10-year-old male child presented with a 15-day history of swelling and pain in the left forearm, wrist, and hand. DIAGNOSES: Left-sided infected wrist arthritis complicating ACTS. INTERVENTIONS: The child received emergency surgery and anti-infective treatment combined with regular rehabilitation. OUTCOMES: During the treatment period, the child's wrist pain and swelling gradually improved, and wrist movement was restored compared with the preoperative period. At 6-month follow-up, the activities of the metacarpophalangeal joints of the left hand were close to normal, and the flexion of the left wrist joint was slightly limited. CONCLUSION: In infectious wrist arthritis in children, ACTS is a serious complication that requires aggressive surgical carpal tunnel release to avoid median nerve injury in addition to anti-infective therapy.

Chronic infective arthritis with osteomyelitis of the ankle due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a middle-age woman: A rare causative pathogen requiring vigilance.

RATIONALE: Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced septic arthritis is a relatively uncommon phenomenon. It has been documented in children with traumatic wounds, young adults with a history of intravenous drug use, and elderly patients with recent urinary tract infections or surgical procedures. PATIENT CONCERNS: Fifty-nine year-old female had no reported risk factors. The patient sought medical attention due to a 6-month history of persistent pain and swelling in her right ankle. DIAGNOSES: Magnetic resonance imaging and a 3-phase bone scan revealed findings suggestive of infectious arthritis with concurrent osteomyelitis. Histopathological examination of the synovium suggested chronic synovitis, and synovial tissue culture confirmed the presence of P aeruginosa. INTERVENTION: Arthroscopic synovectomy and debridement, followed by 6 weeks of targeted antibiotic therapy for P aeruginosa. OUTCOMES: Following treatment, the patient experienced successful recovery with no symptom recurrence, although she retained a mild limitation in the range of motion of her ankle. LESSONS: To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of chronic arthritis and osteomyelitis caused by P aeruginosa in a patient without conventional risk factors. This serves as a crucial reminder for clinicians to consider rare causative organisms in patients with chronic arthritis. Targeted therapy is imperative for preventing further irreversible bone damage and long-term morbidity.

Artrocentesis en el tratamiento de artritis séptica en articulación temporomandibular: reporte de un caso / Arthrocentesis in the treatment of septic arthritis in the temporomandibular joint: a case report

Objetivo: El objetivo de este reporte de caso es presen- tar a la artrocentesis como una alternativa quirúrgica mínima- mente invasiva en el tratamiento de la artritis séptica tempo- romandibular. Caso clínico: Un paciente hombre de 26 años con an- tecedente de flegmón perimandibular derecho tratado, acude a la Unidad Hospitalaria de Cirugía Maxilofacial por dolor articular temporomandibular, impotencia funcional y trismus, a un mes de haber sido dado de alta de un primer cuadro infec- cioso. Luego de los exámenes clínicos y complementarios, se diagnostica artritis séptica de articulación temporomandibular derecha, la cual fue tratada quirúrgicamente mediante dos ar- trocentesis acompañadas de terapia farmacológica (AU)

Aim: The aim of this case report is to present arthrocen- tesis as a minimally invasive surgical alternative in the treat- ment of temporomandibular septic arthritis. Clinical case: A 26-year-old male patient, with a his- tory of treated right perimandibular phlegmon, came to the Maxillofacial Surgery Hospital Unit due to temporomandibu- lar joint pain, functional impairment and trismus, one month after having recovered from his first infectious process. After clinical and complementary examinations, septic arthritis of the right temporomandibular joint was diagnosed, which was treated surgically by means of two arthrocenteses and phar- macological therapy (AU)

Embolismo pulmonar séptico asociado a artritis de rodilla - reporte de caso / Septic pulmonary embolism associated to knee septic arthritis - case report

Presenting the case of a previously healthy eleven-year-old girl, diagnosed with septic arthritis of the left knee as a result of stabbing trauma, which subsequently develops respiratory distress and fever. Septic pulmonary embolism is diagnosed radiologically and by pathological study. Receive adequate antibiotic treatment, recovering completely. Septic pulmonary embolism, although frequently described in the adult population, is a condition rarely described in pediatric literature.

Se presenta el caso de una niña de once años previamente sana, con diagnóstico de artritis séptica de rodilla izquierda como resultado de un traumatismo punzante, que posteriormente desarrolla dificultad respiratoria y fiebre. Se diagnostica embolia pulmonar séptica documentada radiológicamente y por estudio anatomopatológico. Recibe tratamiento antibiótico adecuado, recuperándose completamente. La embolia pulmonar séptica, aunque frecuentemente descrita en población adulta, es una condición raramente descrita en la literatura pediátrica.

Artroscopía de rodilla bajo bloqueos de nervios femoral y ciático en paciente COVID-19 con artritis séptica. Reporte de caso / Knee arthroscopy under femoral and sciatic nerve blocks in a COVID-19 patient with septic arthritis. A case report

Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, several anesthetic societies have generated clinical recommendations for the perioperative management of these patients, including the Chilean Society of Anesthesiology. Among these recommendations, the advantages of regional anesthesia have been highlighted. In this article, we report and discuss the case of a 59-year-old patient with diabetes mellitus II, Chronic Arterial Hypertension, Gout, and Stage IV Chronic Renal Failure admitted with a multifocal septic condition characterized by suppurative collections including a large subcutaneous lumbar abscess recently drained. The patient evolved with left knee septic arthritis and was scheduled for arthroscopic irrigation and debridement. As per protocol a SARS-COV2 PCR was tested and resulted positive. It was decided to proceed to surgery under anesthetic ultrasound-guided femoral and sciatic nerve blocks using an adrenalized (2.5 ug/mL) solution of 0.33% Levobupivacaine- 0.66% Lidocaine (15 mL each). Fifteen minutes later, the knee was mobilized passively without pain. Surgery started after 30 minutes. The surgical and anesthetic conditions were described as adequate by the surgeon and the patient, respectively. The postoperative evolution was satisfactory without presenting respiratory symptoms and the patient was discharged 17 days after under oral antibiotic treatment.

Desde el comienzo de la pandemia de COviD-19, varias sociedades de anestesia han generado recomendaciones clínicas para el tratamiento perioperatorio de estos pacientes, incluida la Sociedad Chilena de Anestesiología. Entre estas recomendaciones, se han destacado las ventajas de la anestesia regional. En este artículo, reportamos y discutimos el caso de un paciente de 59 años con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, hipertensión arterial, gota e insuficiencia renal crónica en etapa IV, admitido por una sepsis multifocal caracterizada por colecciones supurativas que incluyen un gran absceso lumbar subcutáneo drenado recientemente. El paciente evolucionó con artritis séptica de rodilla requiriendo de una exploración y aseo artroscópico. Por protocolo perioperatorio COviD-19, se solicitó PCR para SARS-COv2 con un resultado positivo. Se decidió proceder a la cirugía bajo bloqueos anestésicos guiados por ultrasonido de nervios femoral y ciático utilizando una solución adrenalizada (2,5 ug/mL) de levobupivacaína al 0,33% lidocaína al 0,66% (15 mL en cada uno). Quince minutos después, la rodilla se movilizó pasivamente sin dolor. La cirugía se inició tras media hora empleando una ligera sedación con propofol. Las condiciones quirúrgicas y anestésicas fueron descritas como adecuadas por el cirujano y el paciente. Este último evolucionó favorablemente, sin síntomas respiratorios y fue dado de alta 17 días después con tratamiento antibiótico oral.

Artritis infecciosa de la articulación temporomandibular consecutivo a otitis necrotizante: reporte de un caso / Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint: Report of one case

Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an uncommon condition, caused by hematic bacterial migration or direct migration of other head and neck infections. We report a 41 year old female who presented a right temporomandibular joint involvement, with bone destruction of the mandibular condyle and an infectious process spreading to the temporal space, following a necrotizing medial and external otitis with associated mastoiditis. A septic arthritis of the TMJ by continuity was diagnosed and treated with antimicrobials, TMJ arthrocentesis and occlusal stabilization, with a positive evolution. However, the patient remains in control due a secondary TMJ osteoarthritis caused by the septic arthritis.

Artritis séptica de cadera en la infancia: clasificación práctica de sus secuelas / Septic arthritis of the hip in childhood: practical classification of sequelae

Introducción: En determinadas circunstancias, la artritis séptica de cadera puede generar secuelas de diversa magnitud. El objetivo de este estudio fue diseñar y aplicar una clasificación radiográfica, concisa e inclusiva, de las secuelas. Confiabilidad: avalada por el índice de Kappa intraobservador e interobservador. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de observación, retrospectivo de 32 pacientes (37 caderas) con secuelas de sepsis articular, admitidos y tratados en nuestro hospital, en un período de 14 años. Se incluyeron niños menores de 15 años, con un seguimiento mínimo de 2 años. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el programa SPSS 15.0. Variables: edad, sexo y cadera afectada. Las caderas secuelares, según sus lesiones específicas, fueron incluidas en la siguiente clasificación por grados: 1 o sin cambios; 2 o incongruentes; 3 o excéntricas y 4 o luxadas. Resultados: Edad promedio 3 años y 9 meses. Predominio femenino (68 por ciento) Todos los casos bilaterales fueron niñas (p <0,02). Doce caderas grado 1, cuatro grado 2, once grado 3 y diez grado 4. Secuelas predominantes: coxa vara y ascenso del trocánter mayor. De los pacientes secuelares (25 caderas), 16 tuvieron afectaciones múltiples. El índice de Kappa fue de 0,93 para el intraobservador y de 0,66 para el interobservador, expresando alta confiabilidad. Conclusiones: La clasificación Ludovica, avalada estadísticamente, cumple con los requisitos que nos propusiéramos: que sea breve y concisa, inclusiva de las diferentes secuelas; requiere únicamente radiografías, es fácil de retener y transmitir y, finalmente, permite inferir lineamientos terapéuticos. Es más sencilla que otras publicadas hasta la fecha. Nivel de evidencia: IV estudio de observación, Retrospectivo de serie de casos

El niño con cojera por claudicación de una extremidad inferior / The child with limp for lower extremity claudication

La consulta por cojera en un niño es frecuente, en ella el médico debe realizar una completa anamnesis y exhaustivo examen físico para el diagnóstico diferencial, pero en la mayoría de los casos este se define por los hallazgos en los estudios por imágenes. Este trabajo orienta a reconocer qué estudio solicitar de acuerdo a la patología que se sospecha como diagnóstico.

Artritis septica de cadera en recién nacidos y lactantes: secuelas y efectos residuales / Septic arthritis of the hip in newborn infants and infants: requelae and residual effects

El propósito de éste trabajo es el de llamar la atención y enfatizar el hecho de que la Artritis Septica de la cadera en Recién Nacido y en Lactantes causa daños permanentes de severidad variable, si no se hace un diagnóstico precoz y in tratamiento agresivo. Se revisaron los expedientes clínicos de pacientes atendidos por el Servicio de Ortopedia, en el período comprendido desde noviembre de 1977 a agosto de 1983, los cuales sumaban cuatro (4), cuyas edades oscilaban entre cinco días de nacido y un año y siete meses. El seguimiento promedio, de éstos casos fue de dos años. Dos pacientes, (50%) presentaron secuelas, las cuales consistieron en luxaciones de cadera, con necrosis del nucleo epifisiario y del femur proximal que llevó como consecuencia la discrepancia de longitud de las extremidades inferiores. Concluimos que el prognóstico de ésta afección dependerá en gran parte del tiempo transcurrido entre el inicio de la enfermedad y el diagnóstico de la misma

Artrits séptica aguda: incidencia alta en nuestro medio / Septic acute arthritis: high incidence in our milieu

Una alta incidencia de 40 casos positivos de Artritis séptica fueron revisados en el año 1984 y comparados con la literatura. En 30 casos se realizó cultivo, siendo el gérmen de mayor incidencia el estafilococo aureus. El éxito del tratamiento se basó en la prontitud del mismo mediante el drenaje articular quirúrgico y la antibioticoterapia específica. Las complicaciones estuvieron en relación directa a una terapia previa ineficaz y al tiempo transcurrido entre el inicio del padecimiento y el momento del tratamiento, siendo éstas: la Osteomielitis y la necrosis de la cabeza femoral con acortamiento en dicha extremidad

Pioartrite de joelho: casuistica do Hospital das Clinicas da FMUSP 1990-1994 (86 casos) / Septic arthritis of the knee: report of 86 cases (1990-1994)

Os autores fizeram uma revisao dos casos diagnosticados com pioartrite de joelho no periodo entre 1990 e 1994, num total de 86 casos. Aspectos como idade, sexo, fatores predisponentes, tempo ate o diagnostico, agente patogenico e sua vida de contaminacao, uso de antibiotico previamente, tempo de internacao, forma de drenagem e complicacoes foram avaliados e comparados com os dados atuais da literatura sobre o assunto.

Artritis séptica en enfermedades del tejido conectivo y otras artropatías crónicas / Septic arthritis in connective tissue diseases and other chronic arthropathies

Se estudiaron retospectivametne 17 casos de artritis séptica en pacientes portadores de enfermedades del tejido conectivo ECT). Las ETC más frecuentes fueron Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico y Artritis Reumatoidea. El compromiso fue oligoarticular en el 64% de los casos y monoarticular en los restantes. Los hallazgos clínicos, radiológicos y de laboratorio fueron insuficientes para realizara el diagnóstico diferencial entrea Artritis Séptica y brote de la enfermedad de base, el cual sólo pudo ser realizado por aislamiento del agente etiológico en el líquido sinovial. El germen más frecuente fue Staophylococcus aureus. Los pacientes fueron tratados con punción y antibioticoterapia por vía parenteral (promedio: 7 días) completándose por vía oral (46 días). los casos con mayor retraso del comienzo de tratamiento presentaron como complicación. Los casos con mayor retraso del comienzo de tratamiento presentaron como complicación osteomielitis, requiriendo artrotomía y mayor incidencia de secuelas funcionales