RESUMO
Epidermoid cysts are asymptomatic, slowly enlarging, firm to fluctuant, dome-shaped lesions. Epidermoid cysts frequently appear on the trunk, neck, face, and scrotum, behind the ears and in the palmoplantar region. We review all the cases of epidermoid cyst of the knee and present a case of non-traumatic-induced epidermal cyst in the popliteal fossa of a 66-year-old male with 10-year history of right knee swelling, which appeared firstly as a small mass 2 × 2 cm in the popliteal aspect of the knee. The mass was increasing gradually in size until 2 years ago when it increased suddenly to gain the dimensions of 4 × 6 cm. MRI of the right knee revealed a well-defined cystic lesion in the subcutaneous tissue measuring about 7 × 5 × 5 cm containing internal debris and septations. He underwent complete surgical excision of the mass. The pathological results revealed an epidermal inclusion cyst. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second description for epidermal inclusion cyst involving the popliteal fossa. We were able to retrieve three cases of epidermal cyst of the knee from the literature since its first description in 2004. Including our case, we had a total of four cases of epidermal cyst of the knee. Three males and one female constituted the patients' sample. The mean age for the patients is 55. The epidermal cyst occurred equally in both knees. The popliteal fossa was the location for two epidermal cysts. Similarly, the prepatellar region was the location for another two cysts.
Assuntos
Artroscopia/métodos , Cisto Epidérmico , Artropatias , Articulação do Joelho/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Cisto Epidérmico/diagnóstico por imagem , Cisto Epidérmico/patologia , Cisto Epidérmico/fisiopatologia , Cisto Epidérmico/cirurgia , Humanos , Artropatias/diagnóstico , Artropatias/patologia , Artropatias/fisiopatologia , Artropatias/cirurgia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
We report a case of partial third nerve palsy resulting from a cystic lesion located at the orbital apex. Imaging was suggestive of cystic schwanomma but histopathology of the lesion confirmed epidermoid cyst, which is a rare tumour of the orbit.
Assuntos
Cisto Epidérmico/diagnóstico , Doenças Orbitárias/diagnóstico , Adulto , Cisto Epidérmico/fisiopatologia , Cisto Epidérmico/cirurgia , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Doenças do Nervo Oculomotor/diagnóstico , Doenças do Nervo Oculomotor/fisiopatologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Oftalmológicos , Doenças Orbitárias/fisiopatologia , Doenças Orbitárias/cirurgia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Epidermoid cysts of the temporal bone are extremely rare and such lesions arising in isolation within the mastoid bone have never been reported in literature. We report and describe the first two unique cases of primary epidermoid cysts arising in the mastoid bone. Of the two cases, one presented with progressive headache and imbalance and the other with unilateral hearing loss and tinnitus. Both cases needed CT and MRI scans and needed surgical management. We review the clinical presentations, histology, pathogenesis, radiological findings and management of these challenging cases. The diagnosis of an epidermoid cyst is based on clinical presentation, physical examination and especially the radiological, histological and intraoperative findings. Total removal of the lesion along with its capsule is recommended to prevent recurrence and to allow for a good long-term prognosis.
Assuntos
Dissecação/métodos , Cisto Epidérmico , Cefaleia/etiologia , Perda Auditiva Unilateral/etiologia , Processo Mastoide , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Otorrinolaringológicos/métodos , Equilíbrio Postural , Transtornos de Sensação/etiologia , Zumbido/etiologia , Idoso , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Cisto Epidérmico/complicações , Cisto Epidérmico/diagnóstico , Cisto Epidérmico/fisiopatologia , Cisto Epidérmico/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Processo Mastoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Processo Mastoide/patologia , Processo Mastoide/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
A case of dirofilariosis is reported. The disease is believed to be caused by the contact with the cat that the patient brought in from Uzbekistan. The authors emphasize the importance of analysis of the medical history of the patients presenting with the pathology being considered, their medical examination, and correct interpretation of X-ray images of the paranasal sinuses taking into account the possibility of distribution of rare helminth species beyond their usual ranges.
Assuntos
Dirofilaria repens/isolamento & purificação , Dirofilariose , Cisto Epidérmico , Doenças Orbitárias , Punções/métodos , Animais , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Gatos , Dirofilariose/complicações , Dirofilariose/diagnóstico , Dirofilariose/parasitologia , Dirofilariose/fisiopatologia , Dirofilariose/terapia , Cisto Epidérmico/etiologia , Cisto Epidérmico/fisiopatologia , Cisto Epidérmico/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Órbita/patologia , Doenças Orbitárias/etiologia , Doenças Orbitárias/fisiopatologia , Doenças Orbitárias/terapia , Seios Paranasais/patologia , Periostite/tratamento farmacológico , Periostite/etiologia , Periostite/fisiopatologia , Doenças Raras/complicações , Doenças Raras/diagnóstico , Doenças Raras/parasitologia , Doenças Raras/fisiopatologia , Doenças Raras/terapia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The patient told us that his father had "cysts" on his body, too. This familial connection provided a clue to the diagnosis.
Assuntos
Cisto Epidérmico/diagnóstico , Cisto Epidérmico/fisiopatologia , Cisto Epidérmico/cirurgia , Adulto , Hispânico ou Latino , Humanos , Masculino , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Periareolar sebaceous cysts at the incision site after mastopexy and reduction mammaplasty are very unpleasant complications that affect the surgical result and the degree of patient satisfaction. The author sought to investigate the cause and prevention of such sebaceous cysts. Sixty patients undergoing mastopexy or reduction mammaplasty were randomly divided into 2 groups. Periareolar de-epithelialization was performed to a depth of superficial layer of the dermis in group A and nearly the full thickness of the dermis in group B, and the incidence of sebaceous cysts was compared between these 2 groups. Patients were followed-up for 2 to 4 years. In group A, sebaceous cysts at the incision site were found in 4 patients (13.3%); however, no sebaceous cysts occurred in group B. Increasing the thickness of de-epithelialization appears to decrease the incidence of sebaceous cysts at the incision site.
Assuntos
Cisto Epidérmico/etiologia , Mamoplastia/métodos , Mamilos/cirurgia , Adulto , Mama/fisiopatologia , Mama/cirurgia , Cisto Epidérmico/fisiopatologia , Epitélio/patologia , Epitélio/cirurgia , Estética , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Mamoplastia/efeitos adversos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos/métodos , Mamilos/patologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/fisiopatologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Medição de Risco , Dobras Cutâneas , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Epidermoid cysts are rare benign neoplasms within the neuroaxis and account for <1% of all intraspinal tumors. They can be congenital or acquired. Being a slow-growing tumor, the clinical presentation is widely variable depending on the location, size, or age of the patient. OBJECTIVES: Because of the rarity of this entity, the diagnosis and treatment are often delayed. We wanted to offer an updated overall view on spinal epidermoid cysts to facilitate diagnosis and treatment decisions. METHODS: We present the case of a patient with thoracic intramedullary epidermoid cyst and we conduct a review of reported cases in the literature using PubMed database. RESULTS: From 1962 to September 2019, we gathered 91 articles with a total of 139 cases (ours included). There is a slightly female predominance and a bimodal age distribution. Acquired cysts are seen in 38.1% of patients. The most frequent symptom was pain, followed by motor deficit, sensitive deficits, and sphincter deficiencies. The mean time delay to diagnosis is 26.36 ± 53.29 months. The most common localization was in the lumbar area and one third of the tumors were intramedullary. A good outcome was achieved in most of the treated cases. CONCLUSIONS: To achieve a good outcome, an early recognition of this disease is essential. The management consists in most cases of surgical resection. Although recurrence is low, it can significantly alter the quality of life of our patients, and, therefore, gross total resection should be our goal.
Assuntos
Cisto Epidérmico/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Medula Espinal/cirurgia , Dor nas Costas/etiologia , Cisto Epidérmico/complicações , Cisto Epidérmico/diagnóstico por imagem , Cisto Epidérmico/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Paraparesia Espástica/etiologia , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Neoplasias da Medula Espinal/complicações , Neoplasias da Medula Espinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Medula Espinal/fisiopatologia , Vértebras TorácicasRESUMO
Different entities can be the cause of scalp neoplasia. In a phenotype with multiple cystic scalp lesions, the diagnosis must be made with particular caution because the appearance of apparently benign tumors does not necessarily correspond to the biological behaviour of the lesions. This case report describes diagnosis and therapy of a patient with multiple cystic tumors confined to the scalp. Diagnosis of benign lesions all over the scalp allowed an aesthetically pleasing surgical treatment result. Long-term follow-up control was offered to the patient because the histological diagnosis identified further small tumors of the same type as the large lesions, so further neoplasms are likely to develop.
Assuntos
Cisto Epidérmico/cirurgia , Neoplasias/cirurgia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/cirurgia , Adulto , Cisto Epidérmico/diagnóstico , Cisto Epidérmico/diagnóstico por imagem , Cisto Epidérmico/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias/fisiopatologia , Couro Cabeludo/diagnóstico por imagem , Couro Cabeludo/fisiopatologia , Couro Cabeludo/cirurgia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Cutâneas/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Vocal fold cysts are benign mid-membranous lesions of the true vocal fold, classified as mucus retention or epidermal inclusion cysts. Treatment is surgical excision with or without postoperative voice therapy. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of the demographics, treatment approach, and outcomes of patients treated for vocal fold cysts between 2009 and 2014. Voice Handicap Index (VHI)-10 scores before and after treatment were compared using the Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test and the two-tailed Student's t test. Videostroboscopy examinations were reviewed for posttreatment changes in vibratory characteristics of the vocal folds. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients were identified, and one was excluded for incomplete records. Mean age was 41.9 years (66.7% female), and mean follow-up time was 5.58 months. Microflap excision was pursued by 21/24 (87.5%) patients, with 14 patients (58.3%) undergoing perioperative voice therapy. One cyst recurred. Two patients elected for observation, and their cysts persisted. VHI-10 decreased from 23.8 to 6.6 (P < 0.001) overall. There was a statistically significant reduction in VHI-10 in patients undergoing surgery with and without postoperative voice therapy (P < 0.004 and 0.001), but there was no significant difference between these two groups. Mucosal wave was classified as normal or improved in the majority. Cysts were characterized as mucus retention cysts in 19/21 (90%) and as epidermal inclusion cysts in 2/21 (10%). CONCLUSIONS: Vocal fold cysts impact mucosal wave and glottic closure. Surgical excision resulted in low rates of recurrence, and in improvement in the mucosal wave and VHI-10. Perioperative voice therapy did not offer a significant benefit. Mucus retention cysts were the majority, in contrast to other published studies.
Assuntos
Cisto Epidérmico/terapia , Doenças da Laringe/terapia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Otorrinolaringológicos , Assistência Perioperatória/métodos , Fonação , Prega Vocal/cirurgia , Qualidade da Voz , Treinamento da Voz , Adulto , Idoso , Avaliação da Deficiência , Cisto Epidérmico/diagnóstico , Cisto Epidérmico/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Doenças da Laringe/diagnóstico , Doenças da Laringe/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Otorrinolaringológicos/efeitos adversos , Assistência Perioperatória/efeitos adversos , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estroboscopia , Resultado do Tratamento , Vibração , Gravação em Vídeo , Prega Vocal/fisiopatologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Transformation to glioblastoma following recurrent epidermoid cyst resection has not been reported. Chronic inflammation can underlie malignant transformation of epidermoid cysts. Astrogliosis following repeated resections may have induced the rare transformation to glioblastoma. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A patient presenting with left lower extremity weakness was found to harbor a parietal mass lesion. Histopathology demonstrated an epidermoid cyst. Following multiple re-resections, an intra-axial mass was discovered within the operative bed, confirmed as glioblastoma. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of glioblastoma associated with a resected epidermoid cyst. Subsequent to resection, the chronic inflammatory milieu propagated by astrogliosis is thought to have induced malignancy. The progression to glioblastoma draws attention to neoplastic transformation in the context of recurrent epidermoids.
Assuntos
Encefalopatias/fisiopatologia , Cisto Epidérmico/fisiopatologia , Glioblastoma/fisiopatologia , Encefalopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Encefalopatias/patologia , Encefalopatias/cirurgia , Progressão da Doença , Cisto Epidérmico/diagnóstico por imagem , Cisto Epidérmico/patologia , Cisto Epidérmico/cirurgia , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Glioblastoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Glioblastoma/patologia , Glioblastoma/terapia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The differential diagnosis of various intracranial cystic lesions is sometimes difficult on the basis of CT or MRI findings. Our objective was to evaluate (1)H MRS and DWI in the differential diagnosis of these lesions and in comparison with conventional MRI. METHODS: Fifty patients with intracranial cystic lesions (21 pyogenic abscesses, 23 tumor cysts, 3 epidermoid cysts, and 3 arachnoid cysts) were evaluated with conventional MRI, DWI, and in vivo (1)H MRS. Preoperative diagnosis of the lesions was based on the results of DWI and in vivo MRS. All DWI and (1)H MRS studies were performed with a clinical 1.5-T system. The DWI was performed using single-shot spin-echo echo-planar pulse sequence with b = 1000 s/mm(2). The ADC value was measured. Diagnostic accuracy of conventional MRI, DWI, and in vivo (1)H MRS was calculated with respect to a final diagnosis of brain abscess vs nonabscess cystic tumor. RESULTS: Lactate and cytosolic amino acids with/without succinate, acetate, and alanine were observed in 18 of 21 cases of abscesses on MRS. In 3 cases of epidermoid cysts, lactate was observed and could be differentiated from 3 cases of arachnoid cysts, which showed only minimal lactate. Only lactate was seen in 14 of 23 patients with tumor cysts, whereas both lipid/lactate and choline were visible in 9 patients with tumor cysts. Increased signal was seen in 20 of 21 patients with abscesses and 3 patients with epidermoid cysts on DWI. Decreased signal was observed in 22 of 23 patients with tumor cysts and 3 patients with arachnoid cyst on DWI. Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of conventional MRI for the differentiation of brain abscess from nonabscess cystic tumor were 61.4%, 61.9%, 60.9%, 59.1%, and 63.6%, respectively, whereas they were 93.2%, 85.7%, 100%, 100%, and 88.5% with MRS; 95.5%, 95.2%, 95.7%, 95.2%, and 95.7% with DWI; and 97.7%, 95.2%, 100%, 100%, and 95.8% with MRS and DWI. Magnetic resonance imaging, when combined with in vivo MRS and DWI, accurately predicted the diagnosis in 47 (94%) of 50 and 48 (96%) of 50 of the cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Proton MRS and DWI are useful as additional diagnostic modalities in differentiating intracranial cystic lesions. Combination of DWI with calculated ADC values and metabolite spectrum acquired by MRS add more information to MRI in the differentiation of intracranial cystic mass lesions.
Assuntos
Encefalopatias/diagnóstico , Encéfalo/patologia , Cistos do Sistema Nervoso Central/diagnóstico , Imagem de Difusão por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Cistos Aracnóideos/diagnóstico , Cistos Aracnóideos/patologia , Cistos Aracnóideos/fisiopatologia , Biomarcadores/análise , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Abscesso Encefálico/diagnóstico , Abscesso Encefálico/patologia , Abscesso Encefálico/fisiopatologia , Encefalopatias/patologia , Encefalopatias/fisiopatologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/fisiopatologia , Cistos do Sistema Nervoso Central/patologia , Cistos do Sistema Nervoso Central/fisiopatologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Imagem de Difusão por Ressonância Magnética/normas , Cisto Epidérmico/diagnóstico , Cisto Epidérmico/patologia , Cisto Epidérmico/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética/normas , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prótons , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeAssuntos
Encefalopatias/patologia , Encefalopatias/fisiopatologia , Tronco Encefálico/patologia , Cisto Epidérmico/fisiopatologia , Riso , Adulto , Cisto Epidérmico/patologia , Cisto Epidérmico/ultraestrutura , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão e VarreduraRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Discuss intramedullary, intradural/extramedullary, and extradural spinal tumors including imaging characteristics with emphasis on MR and advances in treatment. METHODS: Literature and institutional review. RESULTS: Spinal tumors: intramedullary, intradural/extramedullary, and extradural, comprise a wide range of histological tumors with an even wider range of clinical symptoms and prognostic features. They are relatively rare and if left untreated, can cause serious neurological deficits and disability. An accurate diagnosis is therefore crucial in determining prognosis and directing therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has revolutionized the diagnosis of intraspinal tumors, allowing for early detection and improved anatomical localization. Magnetic resonance has also become an integral part in staging of both primary and metastatic neoplasms of the spine for guiding therapy and is an excellent modality for follow-up. Advances in MRI (perfusion and molecular imaging) may help refine and describe these neoplasms for accurate treatment and prognosis in the future. Surveillance protocols and role of magnetic resonance are not well established. CONCLUSIONS: Magnetic resonance plays an integral role in evaluation of spinal tumors with increasing role in staging and treatment.
Assuntos
Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Neoplasias da Medula Espinal/classificação , Neoplasias da Medula Espinal/diagnóstico , Astrocitoma/diagnóstico , Astrocitoma/fisiopatologia , Cisto Dermoide/diagnóstico , Cisto Dermoide/fisiopatologia , Ependimoma/diagnóstico , Ependimoma/fisiopatologia , Cisto Epidérmico/diagnóstico , Cisto Epidérmico/fisiopatologia , Abscesso Epidural/diagnóstico , Abscesso Epidural/fisiopatologia , Ganglioglioma/diagnóstico , Ganglioglioma/fisiopatologia , Hemangioblastoma/diagnóstico , Hemangioblastoma/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias da Medula Espinal/patologia , Neoplasias da Medula Espinal/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Because a continuous muscular effort is required during recording of vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials, we assume vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials elicited by simultaneous bilateral clicks can be used as a more convenient mode compared with respective unilateral clicks. To investigate whether bilateral clicks provide the same information as unilateral clicks, we examined whether the responses are different between them in normal subjects and whether bilateral clicks have the same diagnostic value as vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials elicited by unilateral clicks in detecting retrolabyrinthine lesions. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Academic tertiary referral center. SUBJECTS: Fourteen healthy volunteers and four patients with unilateral cerebellopontine angle tumors were enrolled in this study. INTERVENTIONS: Recordings of vestibular-evoked myogenic potential responses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The latency of each peak (p13, n23), the peak-to-peak interval, and amplitude (p13-n23). RESULTS: Both unilateral and bilateral click stimulation of 28 ears (100%) produced vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials in normal subjects. The mean latencies of p13 and n23, peak-to-peak interval, and amplitude of vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials elicited with unilateral clicks were 11.62 +/- 0.99 ms, 19.74 +/- 1.30 ms, 8.12 +/- 1.66 ms, and 110.79 +/- 61.37 microV, respectively, whereas those elicited with bilateral clicks were 11.16 +/- 0.51 ms, 19.22 +/- 1.61 ms, 8.06 +/- 1.66 ms, and 111.77 +/- 40.98 microV, respectively. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the latencies, but not for the interval and amplitude (p > 0.05). Four patients with unilateral cerebellopontine angle tumors and prolonged latencies of unilateral clicks vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials also showed latency prolongation in bilateral clicks vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials. CONCLUSION: Although the use of bilateral acoustic stimulation shortens the vestibular-evoked myogenic potential latencies in normal subjects, it does not affect the bilateral clicks vestibular-evoked myogenic potential ability to detect retrolabyrinthine lesions. Bilateral clicks vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials are a more convenient mode with which to help diagnose both labyrinthine and retrolabyrinthine lesions than unilateral clicks vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Cerebelares/fisiopatologia , Ângulo Cerebelopontino , Potenciais Evocados Auditivos/fisiologia , Neuroma Acústico/fisiopatologia , Vestíbulo do Labirinto/fisiologia , Estimulação Acústica , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Eletromiografia/métodos , Cisto Epidérmico/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Primary intracranial cystic or cyst-like lesions include intra-arachnoid, epidermoid, dermoid, and choroid plexus cysts. Differentiation of these cystic lesions can usually be accomplished by imaging studies alone; however, some cysts are similar in appearance and require histopathology for definitive diagnosis. Clinical signs often reflect the location of the cysts within the intracranial cavity rather than the type of cyst. If clinical signs are significant and progressive, surgical removal is warranted and may be successful, although cystic contents could be harmful if allowed to contact surrounding brain parenchyma or meninges.
Assuntos
Cistos Aracnóideos/veterinária , Encéfalo/anormalidades , Doenças do Cão/congênito , Cisto Epidérmico/veterinária , Animais , Cistos Aracnóideos/congênito , Cistos Aracnóideos/diagnóstico , Cistos Aracnóideos/fisiopatologia , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Encefálicas/congênito , Neoplasias Encefálicas/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/fisiopatologia , Cães , Cisto Epidérmico/congênito , Cisto Epidérmico/diagnóstico , Cisto Epidérmico/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/veterinária , Masculino , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
AIM: To study the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients of breast cancer presenting at our center at New Delhi, India and to evaluate the applicability of Gail model 2 as a means of measuring 5-year and lifetime risk in our already diagnosed cases of breast cancer. METHODS: This was a retrospective study conducted at Lady Hardinge Medical College Hospital in New Delhi, India, between January 2011 and July 2014. Two hundred and twenty two diagnosed cases of breast cancer were included. Information was collected retrospectively on a Performa from the medical record section and the Pathology department of the hospital.The predicted five-year and lifetime risk was calculated using GM2 prediction model from the NCI's breast cancer risk assessment tool website. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Breast cancer in India is a far more biologically aggressive disease than in the west with a widely different spectrum of presentation and behavior and late presentation in an advanced stage. The accepted risk factors routinely associated with breast cancer in western literature do not appear to be relevant in the Indian population. Accepted western models do not seem to apply in the Indian scenario.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/epidemiologia , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante/epidemiologia , Carcinoma Neuroendócrino/epidemiologia , Carcinoma Papilar/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma de Mama in situ/epidemiologia , Carcinoma de Mama in situ/fisiopatologia , Doenças Mamárias/complicações , Doenças Mamárias/epidemiologia , Doenças Mamárias/fisiopatologia , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias da Mama/complicações , Neoplasias da Mama/fisiopatologia , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/fisiopatologia , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante/fisiopatologia , Carcinoma Neuroendócrino/fisiopatologia , Carcinoma Papilar/fisiopatologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/complicações , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/epidemiologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/fisiopatologia , Cisto Epidérmico/complicações , Cisto Epidérmico/epidemiologia , Cisto Epidérmico/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Histiocitoma Fibroso Maligno/epidemiologia , Histiocitoma Fibroso Maligno/fisiopatologia , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Índia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Derrame Papilar , História Reprodutiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Uso de Tabaco/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Fossa Craniana Posterior/patologia , Dura-Máter/patologia , Cisto Epidérmico/patologia , Espaço Epidural/patologia , Fossa Craniana Posterior/cirurgia , Dura-Máter/cirurgia , Cisto Epidérmico/fisiopatologia , Cisto Epidérmico/cirurgia , Espaço Epidural/fisiopatologia , Espaço Epidural/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Epidermoid cysts constitute congenital, benign and rare lesions, corresponding to 0.2% to 1.8% of all intracranial tumors. Only 5% of the cases are located in the fourth ventricle. Despite their genesis in intrauterine life, they are usually diagnosed between the third and fifth decades of life due to their very slow growth pattern. The image weighted by the diffusion of the magnetic resonance is essential to establish the diagnosis. The ideal treatment consists of emptying the cystic content with complete capsule resection. In the present work, we report the case of a 31-year-old female with cerebellar syndrome that evolved with intracranial hypertension. The symptomatology was due to an obstructive hydrocephalus by an epidermoid cyst located inside the fourth ventricle, which was confirmed by the pathological anatomy.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Quarto Ventrículo/lesões , Cisto Epidérmico/cirurgia , Cisto Epidérmico/fisiopatologia , Cisto Epidérmico/diagnóstico por imagem , Resultado do Tratamento , Craniectomia Descompressiva/métodos , Hidrocefalia/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
A 60-year-old man had a history of frontal headaches and chewing-related oscillopsia. Examination disclosed a retro-orbital epidermoid cyst that had eroded through the lateral orbital wall and under the temporalis muscle. The illusion of movement was due to mechanical displacement of the tumor mass and eye by contraction of the temporalis muscle. Removal of the cyst produced complete remission of the oscillopsia.