Integrated analyses reveal the diagnostic and predictive values of COL5A2 and association with immune environment in Crohn's disease.

The pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) involves abnormal immune cell infiltration and dysregulated immune response. Therefore, thorough research on immune cell abnormalities in CD is crucial for improved treatment of this disease. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA-seq data of CD were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Cell-type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT), weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks evaluated the proportion of immune infiltrating cells, constructed co-expression network and identified key genes, respectively. Based on the dataset (GSE134809), 15 cell clusters were defined and labeled as different cell types. Among the 11 modules, the yellow module had the closest relationship with plasma cells (cluster 5). Confirmed using RNA sequencing and IHC assay, the expression of COL5A2 in CD samples was higher than that in control samples. Furthermore, the COL5A2 protein expression remarkably decreased in the group of patients who responded to anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) treatments, compared to the non-response group. The comprehensive analyses described here provided novel insight into the landscape of CD-associated immune environment. In addition, COL5A2 were identified as potential diagnostic indicators for CD, as well as promising predictive markers for CD patients.

A novel cancer-associated fibroblasts risk score model predict survival and immunotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a special type of fibroblasts, which play an important role in the development and immune escape of tumors. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to construct the co-expression module. In combination with univariate Cox regression and analysis of least absolute shrinkage operator (LASSO), characteristics associated with CAFs were developed for a prognostic model. The migration and proliferation of lung cancer cells were evaluated in vitro. Finally, the expression levels of proteins were analyzed by Western blot. LASSO Cox regression algorithm was then performed to select hub genes. Finally, a total of 2 Genes (COL5A2, COL6A2) were obtained. We then divided LUAD patients into high- and low-risk groups based on CAFs risk scores. Survival analysis, CAFs score correlation analysis and tumor mutation load analysis showed that COL5A2 and COL6A2 were high-risk genes for LUAD. Human Protein Atlas (HPA), western blot and PCR results showed that COL5A2 and COL6A2 were up-regulated in LUAD tissues. When COL5A2 and COL6A2 were knocked down, the proliferation, invasion and migration of lung cancer cells were significantly decreased. Finally, COL5A2 can affect LUAD progression through the Wnt/ß-Catenin and TGF-ß signaling pathways. Our CAFs risk score model offers a new approach for predicting the prognosis of LUAD patients. Furthermore, the identification of high-risk genes COL5A2 and COL6A2 and drug sensitivity analysis can provide valuable candidate clues for clinical treatment of LUAD.

The Association of a Single Nucleotide Variant in COL5A1 to Early Onset Keratoconus and Pectus Excavatum-Convergence of Extracellular Matrix Pathologies.

Keratoconus is a bilateral ocular condition characterized by irregularities and the thinning of the cornea. Decreased central corneal thickness is a hallmark of the condition, and numerous genes have played a role in altering corneal thickness and the subsequent development of keratoconus. Variants in the structural and regulatory genes of the extracellular matrix have been highly associated with keratoconus, as well as with pectus excavatum, a chest wall deformity commonly seen in connective tissue disorders. This report describes a patient with a c.1720-11T>A intronic variant in the collagen-encoding gene, COL5A1, who was diagnosed with early-onset keratoconus and demonstrated a significant pectus excavatum. This report associates a COL5A1 variant with these seemingly unrelated phenotypic associations, further advancing the literature on the topic.

COL5A1 promotes triple-negative breast cancer progression by activating tumor cell-macrophage crosstalk.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an exceptionally aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Despite the recognized interplay between tumors and tumor-associated macrophages in fostering drug resistance and disease progression, the precise mechanisms leading these interactions remain elusive. Our study revealed that the upregulation of collagen type V alpha 1 (COL5A1) in TNBC tissues, particularly in chemoresistant samples, was closely linked to an unfavorable prognosis. Functional assays unequivocally demonstrated that COL5A1 played a pivotal role in fueling cancer growth, metastasis, and resistance to doxorubicin, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that the cytokine IL-6, produced by COL5A1-overexpressing TNBC cells actively promoted M2 macrophage polarization. In turn, TGFß from M2 macrophages drived TNBC doxorubicin resistance through the TGFß/Smad3/COL5A1 signaling pathway, establishing a feedback loop between TNBC cells and macrophages. Mechanistically, COL5A1 interacted with TGM2, inhibiting its K48-linked ubiquitination-mediated degradation, thereby enhancing chemoresistance and increasing IL-6 secretion. In summary, our findings underscored the significant contribution of COL5A1 upregulation to TNBC progression and chemoresistance, highlighting its potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker for TNBC.

Myofibroblasts derived type V collagen promoting tissue mechanical stress and facilitating metastasis and therapy resistance of lung adenocarcinoma cells.

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, with a dismal 5-year survival rate, particularly for Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Mechanical changes within the tumor microenvironment, such as extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and fibroblast activity, play pivotal roles in cancer progression and metastasis. However, the specific impact of the basement membrane (BM) on the mechanical characteristics of LUAD remains unclear. This study aims to identify BM genes influencing internal mechanical stress in tumors, elucidating their effects on LUAD metastasis and therapy resistance, and exploring strategies to counteract these effects. Using Matrigel overlay and Transwell assays, we found that mechanical stress, mimicked by matrix application, augmented LUAD cell migration and invasion, correlating with ECM alterations and activation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway. Employing machine learning, we developed the SVM_Score model based on relevant BM genes, which accurately predicted LUAD patient prognosis and EMT propensity across multiple datasets. Lower SVM_Scores were associated with worse survival outcomes, elevated cancer-related pathways, increased Tumor Mutation Burden, and higher internal mechanical stress in LUAD tissues. Notably, the SVM_Score was closely linked to COL5A1 expression in myofibroblasts, a key marker of mechanical stress. High COL5A1 expression from myofibroblasts promoted tumor invasiveness and EMT pathway activation in LUAD cells. Additionally, treatment with Sorafenib, which targets COL5A1 secretion, attenuated the tumor-promoting effects of myofibroblast-derived COL5A1, inhibiting LUAD cell proliferation, migration, and enhancing chemosensitivity. In conclusion, this study elucidates the complex interplay between mechanical stress, ECM alterations, and LUAD progression. The SVM_Score emerges as a robust prognostic tool reflecting tumor mechanical characteristics, while Sorafenib intervention targeting COL5A1 secretion presents a promising therapeutic strategy to mitigate LUAD aggressiveness. These findings deepen our understanding of the biomechanical aspects of LUAD and offer insights for future research and clinical applications.

Clinical significance of polymorphisms of genes encoding collagen (COL1A1, COL5A1) and their correlation with joint laxity and recurrent patellar dislocation in adolescents.

The aim of this study was to assess the coexistence of polymorphisms of the COL1A1 and COL5A1 genes with clinically diagnosed laxity and the occurrence of recurrent patellar dislocation in adolescents. The research group comprised 50 cases of recurrent patellar dislocation. The mean age at diagnosis was 14.2 years (10-17, SD 2.6). The control group consisted of 199 participants without a diagnosis of recurrent patellar dislocation, with a mean age of 15.2 (10-17 years, SD 2.7). Joint laxity by the Beighton scale was assessed. Analysis of the allele distribution of the analysed genes COL1A1 and COL5A1 revealed no statistically significant difference between the study group and the control group (p = 0.859 and p = 0.205, respectively). Analysis of the Beighton score showed a statistically significantly higher result in the study group than in the control group (p < 0.001). No correlation between the presence of polymorphisms and joint laxity diagnosis was confirmed. In conclusion, COL1A1 and COL5A1 gene polymorphisms are not significantly more common in adolescents with recurrent patellar dislocation than in healthy peers; there is also no correlation between joint laxity and polymorphisms of the COL1A1 and COL5A1 genes.Registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with ID: PMMHRI-2021.2/1/7-GW.

Anti-collagen type v: a marker of early systemic sclerosis?

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the frequency of anti-collagen type V in humans with early systemic sclerosis (SSc) compared to defined SSc patients and healthy controls, since collagen type V was shown to be overexpressed in early SSc patients' skin and there is no data concerning the presence of this antibody in early stages of human SSc. Experimental studies showed that animal models immunized with collagen type V developed a disease similar to human systemic sclerosis (SSc), with antibodies production, mainly in early stages post-immunization. Methods: Eighty-one female SSc patients were included and divided into two groups: early-SSc (18 patients-EULAR Preliminary Criteria) and defined-SSc (63 patients-ACR Criteria 1980). The control group consisted of 19 healthy women age-matched to Early-SSc group. Anti-collagen type V was performed by ELISA. Data was analyzed by appropriate tests. Results: The prevalence of anti-collagen type V in early-SSc, defined-SSc and control groups was respectively 33, 17 and 5% (p = 0.07). SSc patients with anti-collagen type V had shorter disease duration compared to those without this antibody (8.8 ± 5.1 vs. 14.7 ± 8.9, p = 0.006). Likewise, early-SSc patients with anti-collagen V also had a shorter disease duration than patients negative for this antibody (4.6 ± 2.2 vs. 9.7 ± 5.2, p = 0.04). No association with clinical subsets or scleroderma antibodies specificities was observed (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The production of anti-collagen type V in SSc seems to be an early event independent of other antibodies specificities. Further studies are necessary to determine if the underlying mechanism for this chronology involves a primary immune response to abnormal expression of collagen type V.(AU)

Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos, variante clássica: apresentação de um caso e revisão da literatura / Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Classical variant: presentation of A case and literature review

Contexto: Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos compreende um grupo de doenças hereditárias caracterizadas pela fragilidade da pele, ligamentos, vasos sanguíneos e órgãos internos. Decorre de diferentes defeitos genéticos na via de biosíntese do colágeno, resultando em alterações na síntese e estrutura do tecido conjuntivo. Estima-se sua prevalência em 1:5.000 nascidos vivos. Descrição do caso: Mulher, de 24 anos, com aumento da mobilidade articular, da elasticidade cutânea e tendência à formação de cicatrizes atróficas após mínimos traumas desde a infância, tem avô com queixas semelhantes. Exame fundoscópico, cardiológico e ultrassonografia abdominal sem alterações. Estabeleceu-se o diagnóstico de síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos, variante clássica. Discussão: A classificação de Villefranche considera as alterações genéticas da síntese dos colágenos tipo I, III e/ou V, para subdividir a síndrome nas variantes: clássica, hipermobilidade articular, vascular, cifoescoliose, artocalásia, dermatosparaxia. A variante clássica decorre de mutações no colágeno V e é caracterizada pela tríade de hipermobilidade articular, hiperextensibilidade e cicatrizes atróficas, bem como apresentada pela paciente em questão. Conclusões: Cabe ao médico suspeitar e reconhecer a síndrome, uma vez que algumas variantes apresentam risco inclusive de morte. Esses pacientes necessitam de acompanhamento multiprofissional, com cardiologista, oftalmologista, dermatologista, reumatologista e fisioterapeuta, tendo em vista o comprometimento multissistêmico infligido pela doença.

Modeling pulmonary fibrosis by abnormal expression of telomerase/apoptosis/collagen V in experimental usual interstitial pneumonia

Limitations on tissue proliferation capacity determined by telomerase/apoptosis balance have been implicated in pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, collagen V shows promise as an inductor of apoptosis. We evaluated the quantitative relationship between the telomerase/apoptosis index, collagen V synthesis, and epithelial/fibroblast replication in mice exposed to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) at high oxygen concentration. Two groups of mice were analyzed: 20 mice received BHT, and 10 control mice received corn oil. Telomerase expression, apoptosis, collagen I, III, and V fibers, and hydroxyproline were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, in situ detection of apoptosis, electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and histomorphometry. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of increased alveolar epithelial cells type 1 (AEC1) in apoptosis. Immunostaining showed increased nuclear expression of telomerase in AEC type 2 (AEC2) between normal and chronic scarring areas of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). Control lungs and normal areas from UIP lungs showed weak green birefringence of type I and III collagens in the alveolar wall and type V collagen in the basement membrane of alveolar capillaries. The increase in collagen V was greater than collagens I and III in scarring areas of UIP. A significant direct association was found between collagen V and AEC2 apoptosis. We concluded that telomerase, collagen V fiber density, and apoptosis evaluation in experimental UIP offers the potential to control reepithelization of alveolar septa and fibroblast proliferation. Strategies aimed at preventing high rates of collagen V synthesis, or local responses to high rates of cell apoptosis, may have a significant impact in pulmonary fibrosis.

Association between decreases in type V collagen and apoptosis in mouse lung chemical carcinogenesis: a preliminary model to study cancer cell behavior

OBJECTIVE: The importance of type V collagen and its relationships with other types of collagen and with vascular and epithelial apoptosis were studied in a model of chemical carcinogenesis in the mouse lung. METHODS: Two groups of male Balb/c mice were studied: a) animals that received two intraperitoneal doses of 3 g/kg urethane carcinogen (urethane group = 24); and b) animals submitted to a sham procedure, comparable to the test group (control group = 7). Both groups were sacrificed after 120 days. In situ detection of apoptosis, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and histomorphometry were used to evaluate the fraction occupied by the tumor, vascular and epithelial apoptosis, and type V, III and I collagen fibers in the lung parenchyma from both groups. RESULTS: The lung parenchyma from the urethane group showed low fractions of vascular and epithelial apoptosis as well as reduced type V collagen fibers when compared to the control group. A significant direct association was found between type V and III collagen fibers and epithelial apoptosis, type V collagen fibers and vascular apoptosis, and type V and type I collagen fibers. CONCLUSION: The results show that a direct link between low amounts of type V collagen and decreased cell apoptosis may favor cancer cell growth in the mouse lung after chemical carcinogenesis, suggesting that strategies aimed at preventing decreased type V collagen synthesis or local responses to reduced apoptosis may have a greater impact in lung cancer control.

Histomorphometric analysis of cutaneous remodeling in the early stage of the scleroderma model

INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES: Systemic sclerosis, or scleroderma, is a rheumatic disease characterized by autoimmunity, vasculopathy, and fibrosis of the skin and several internal organs. In the present study, our aim was to assess the skin alterations in animals with scleroderma during the first stages of disease induction. METHODS: To induce scleroderma, female New Zealand rabbits (n = 12) were subcutaneously immunized with 1 mg/ml of collagen V (Col V) in complete Freund's adjuvant, twice with a thirty-day interval. Fifteen days later, the animals received an intramuscular booster with type V collagen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant, twice with a fifteen-day interval. The control group was inoculated with 1 ml of 10 mM acetic acid solution diluted with an equal amount of Freund's adjuvant. Serial dorsal skin biopsies were performed at 7, 15, and 30 days and stained with H&E, Masson's trichrome and Picrosírius for morphological and morphometric analyses. RESULTS: Immunized rabbits presented a significant increase in collagen in skin collected seven days after the first immunization (p=0.05). CONCLUSION: The results from this experimental model may be very important to a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in the beginning of human SSc. Therapeutic protocols to avoid early remodeling of the skin may lead to promising treatments for SSc in the future.

Análise ultraestrutural e implicação do RNA de interferência na fibrilogênese do colágeno V em pacientes com esclerodermia / Ultrastructural analysis and implication of RNA interference in collagen V fibrillogenesis in patients with scleroderma

Introdução: Recentemente muitas são as funções atribuídas ao colágeno V em condições fisiológicas normais e em algumas doenças, como na esclerodermia. Esta proteína apresenta características estruturais singulares de regulação do diâmetro das fibrilas heterotípicas, e imunogenicidade, sendo capaz de desencadear uma resposta imune independente. Em descobertas recentes, desenvolvidas por nosso grupo, ficou evidenciado que o colágeno V apresenta histoarquitetura anômala, aumentando a sua imunoexpressão na pele e pulmão em estágios iniciais da doença, assim como, aumento do RNAm de suas cadeias, principalmente alfa2(V). Por esta razão e com o intuito de entender sobre os processos moleculares e ultraestruturais que correlacionam o COL V à fibrose na ES, a proposta do presente estudo foi realizar análise morfológica e ultraestrutural das cadeias, alfa1(V) e alfa2(V), da pele de pacientes com ES, assim como avaliar a influência do gene COL5A2 na fibrilogênese. Pacientes e Métodos: As análises foram desenvolvidas utilizando fragmento de pele obtidas de biópsia, tanto de pacientes como controles, sob aprovação do comitê de ética (CAPPesq 0331/10) e de acordo com Declaração de Helsinque. Participaram do estudo 7 pacientes (homens=3, mulheres=4) diagnosticados com ES há dois anos ou menos, e indivíduos voluntários saudáveis (n=7) utilizados como grupo controle. A biópsia das peles foi dividida para dois grupos de análises: estudos histológicos e cultura de fibroblastos; sob solução de formol a 10%, foram realizadas análises histomorfométricas [coloração de Hematoxilina e Eosina (H e E), Tricrômico de Masson, imunofluorescência (IM) para cadeias alfa1(V) e alfa2(V), e reconstrução tridimensional (Zeiss LSM 510 META/UV)], e em solução de glutaraldeído 2% para análise ultraestrutural (microscopia eletrônica de transmissão com imunomarcação com ouro coloidal). A quantificação das cadeias foi realizada por histomorfometria, através de análise de imagem utilizando o software...

Introduction: Recently many functions are attributed to type V collagen in normal physiological conditions and in some diseases, such as scleroderma. This protein presents unique structural features for regulating the diameter of fibrils heterotypic and immunogenicity being capable of eliciting an immune response independent. In recent discoveries, developed by our group, it was evident that collagen V presents anomalous histoarchitecture, increasing the immunoexpression in the skin and lung in the early stages of the disease, as well as increased mRNA of his chains, mainly alpha2(V). For this reason and in order to understand the molecular and ultrastructural processes that correlate COL V fibrosis in SSc, the purpose of this study was to perform morphological and ultrastructural analysis of the chains alpha1(V) and alpha2(V) of the patient´s skin with ES, as well as to assess the influence of the COL5A2 gene in fibrillogenesis. Patients and Methods: The analyses were developed using skin fragment obtained from biopsy, both of patients and controls, under the approval of the ethics committee (CAPPesq 0331/10) and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study included 7 patients (male = 3, female = 4) diagnosed with ES for two years or less, and healthy volunteers (n = 7) used as a control group. The biopsy of the skin was divided in two groups of analyzes: histological studies and cultured fibroblasts; Under formaldehyde solution 10%, histomorphometric analysis [staining with hematoxylin and eosin (H e E), Masson's trichrome, immunofluorescence (IM) to alpha1(V) and alpha2(V) chains, and three-dimensional reconstruction (Zeiss LSM 510 META were performed/UV), and in a solution of 2% glutaraldehyde for ultrastructural analysis (transmission electron microscopy with immunostaining with colloidal gold). Quantitation was performed by the chain histomorphometry by image analysis using Image Pro-Plus 6.0 software. Already a fibroblast culture...

Changes in histoanatomical distribution of types I, III and V collagen promote adaptative remodeling in posterior tibial tendon rupture

INTRODUCTION: Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction is a common cause of adult flat foot deformity, and its etiology is unknown. PURPOSE: In this study, we characterized the morphologic pattern and distribution of types I, III and V collagen in posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. METHOD: Tendon samples from patients with and without posterior tibial tendon dysfunction were stained by immunofluorescence using antibodies against types I, III and V collagen. RESULTS: Control samples showed that type V deposited near the vessels only, while surgically obtained specimens displayed type V collagen surrounding other types of collagen fibers in thicker adventitial layers. Type III collagen levels were also increased in pathological specimens. On the other hand, amounts of collagen type I, which represents 95 percent of the total collagen amount in normal tendon, were decreased in pathological specimens. CONCLUSION: Fibrillogenesis in posterior tibial tendon dysfunction is altered due to higher expression of types III and V collagen and a decreased amount of collagen type I, which renders the originating fibrils structurally less resistant to mechanical forces.

Alterações esofágicas em modelo de esclerodermia induzido por colágeno V em coelhos / Manifestations in the esophagus in the sclerodermia model induced by type V collagen in rabbits

Introdução: a esclerose sistêmica progressiva acomete diversas vísceras, das quais o esôfago é uma das frequentemente lesadas. No entanto, o mecanismo de autoimunidade nesta enfermidade é ainda desconhecida...

Backgrounds: Sclerosis systemic that usually affects the esophagus. However its patologic mechanism is still unknown. Objective: Evaluate the manifestation of the esophagus in a experimental model of scleroderma induced by type V collagen in rabbits. Matherial and Methods: 39 rabbits submited to the model immunization were morfologicaly analised. Results: A progressive deposit of collagen fibers was observed in H&E and Tricomico of Masson. Which was confirmed by the imunofluorescence. Conclusion: We concluded that the characteristics observeds are similar to what happens in the esophagus of human, but in an earlier period...

Nasal tolerance with collagen v protein reverts bronchovascular axis remodeling in experimental bronchiolitis obliterans

INTRODUCTION: The precise role of the remodeling process and possible therapies for bronchiolitis obliterans remain to be established. OBJETIVE: In the present study, we sought to validate the importance of nasal collagen V tolerance to verify whether bronchovascular axis remodeling could be reverted by this therapeutic approach when compared to steroid treatment. METHODS: Mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, bronchiolitis obliterans, collagen V tolerance, and prednisone groups. Morphometry was employed to evaluate bronchovascular axis dimensions, collagen density, and immune cell response. Collagen V nasal tolerance and steroid-treated mice showed significantly lower values of terminal bronchiole wall thickness and reduction in peribronchovascular cells; bronchioalveolar lymphoid tissue; and CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD20+ lymphocytes. A significant decrease in CD68+ macrophage density was found in prednisone-treated mice. In addition, a strong quantitative relationship was found between collagen V tolerance, and reduction in density of immune cells and collagen. RESULTS: Our results indicate that bronchovascular axis remodeling in bronchiolitis obliterans can be reverted by collagen V nasal tolerance, possibly as the result of T-cell suppression. CONCLUSION: We concluded that the tolerance effects in this model were strongly related to the improvement in bronchovascular remodeling, and these may be an appropriate targets for further prospective studies on nasal collagen V tolerance.

INTRODUÇÃO: A participação precisa do processo de remodelamento e possíveis implicações no tratamento da bronquiolite obliterante ainda não está estabelecida. OBJETIVOS: Estabelecer a importância da tolerância nasal induzida pelo colágeno do tipo V e verificar se o processo de remodelamento do eixo broncovascular pode ser revertido com esta estratégia terapêutica comparada ao efeito do tratamento com esteróides. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Camundongos foram divididos em quatro grupos: controle, bronquiolite obliterante, tolerância nasal com colágeno do tipo V e prednisona. Morfometria foi realizada para avaliar as dimensões do eixo broncovascular, densidade de colágeno e resposta imunocelular. Camundongos submetidos à tolerância nasal com colágeno do tipo V e tratados com prednisona exibiram significativas reduções da espessura da parede de bronquíolos terminais, da densidade de células inflamatórias ao redor do eixo peribroncovascular e da resposta imunocelular às custas de linfócitos CD3, CD4, CD8 e CD20. Houve também significativa redução da densidade de macrófagos CD68 nos camundongos tratados com prednisona. Adicionalmente, houve uma forte associação entre tolerância nasal induzida pelo colágeno do tipo V, resposta imunocelular e redução do conteúdo de colágeno peribroncovascular. RESULTADOS: O remodelamento do eixo broncovascular na bronquiolite obliterante pode ser revertido pela indução de tolerância nasal com o colágeno do tipo V, possivelmente como resultado de supressão de linfócitos T. CONCLUSÃO: Os efeitos da tolerância nasal no presente modelo estiveram fortemente relacionados à melhora no remodelamento do eixo broncovascular, despontando como um alvo promissor para estudos prospectivos.

Remodelamento parenquimatoso pulmonar em dois modelos experimentais de fibrose / Parenchymal leing remodeling in two experimental models of fibroses

A fibrose pulmonar é a base patológica de uma variedade de doenças crônicas incuráveis. A IL-17A, uma glicoproteína secretada de células Th17, é uma citocina pró-fibrótica relacionada recentemente à síntese de colágeno V e fibrose pulmonar. O remodelamento parenquimatoso pulmonar da matriz extracelular pelo colágeno I e V, apoptose e resposta Th17 foi estudado em camundongos Balb/c, C57/B6J selvagens e com knockout para o receptor A da IL-17; para determinar as vias fisiopatológicas que prolongam a fase tardia do processo fibrótico induzido por bleomicina e paraquat. Microscopia eletrônica, imunofluorescência, imunohistoquímica, detecção in situ da apoptose, morfometria, reconstrução tridimensional e reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real foram usados para avaliar a quantidade, estrutura e cadeias moleculares dos tipos de colágenos, apoptose e células imunes. Verificamos um aumento da síntese e secreção do colágeno V que promove a perpetuação da fibrose pulmonar de maneira IL-17A dependente. Além disso, observou-se que marcadores críticos da resposta Th17 como IL17, STAT3, TGF-β, IL-6, IL- 21, IL-23 e células T CD4+ foram significantemente aumentados em cepas susceptíveis a fibrose pulmonar e intensificadas na ausência do receptor A da IL-17. O aumento de marcadores Th17 resulta em um aumento de células T CD4+ através de uma resposta imune que efetivamente bloqueia a degradação do colágeno V, o qual contribui para o bloqueio da apoptose...

Pulmonary fibrosis is the pathologic basis for a variety of incurable human chronic lung diseases. IL-17A, a glycoprotein secreted from IL-17– producing cells, has recently been shown to be a profibrotic cytokine involved in type V collagen synthesis and pulmonary fibrosis. Remodeling of the extracellular matrix by collagen I and V, cell death and Th-17 immune response were evaluated in Balb/c, wild and IL-17 receptor A knockout C57/B6J mice, to determine the pathways that prolong the late phase of the fibrotic process induced by bleomycin and paraquat. Electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, in situ detection of apoptosis, morphometry, tridimensional reconstruction and a real-time PCR were used to evaluate the amount, structure and molecular chains of collagen types, apoptosis and immune cells. We verified increased synthesis and secretion of type V collagen that promoted the maintenance of pulmonary fibrosis in a IL-17A dependent manner. However, we observed that the critical Th17 markers, IL-17, STAT3, TGF-β, IL-6, IL-21, IL-23 and CD4+ T cells, were significantly increased in the fibrosis-susceptible strain and intensified in the absence of IL-17 receptor A. Increased Th17 markers resulted in an increase in CD4+ T cells in fibrotic lung tissue toward an immune response that effectively blocked degradation of collagen V, which contributes to block apoptosis...

Auto-imunidade e colágeno V / Autoimmunity and collagen V

As proteínas da matriz extracelular (MEC) e seus componentes estão sendo amplamente estudados na literatura médica, assim como sua relação com o remodelamento tecidual presente nas doenças reumáticas. Neste artigo, mostramos a importância do estudo do colágeno do tipo V no entendimento da etiologia da esclerodermia, no que se refere ao desencadeamento da auto-imunidade nesta enfermidade. Estudos em nosso laboratório demonstram que a sensibilização com colágeno do tipo V em coelhos pode resultar em um modelo animal de esclerodermia. Diante destes fatos, sugerimos que pesquisas neste campo podem ser de grande valia no desenvolvimento de novas condutas terapêuticas.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and their components have been widely studied in medical literature, as well its relationship with the tecidual remodeling present in the rheumatic disease. In this paper we show the importance of understanding the role of type V collagen as an important trigger of rheumatic autoimmune diseases. Studies in our laboratory demonstrate that type V collagen sensibilization in rabbits, could result in an animal scleroderma model. In this way we suggested that researches in this field can be worthy in development of new therapeutic procedures.

Estudo da vasculopatia pulmonar no modelo experimental de esclerodermia induzido pelo colágeno do tipo V / Study of pulmonary vasculopathy in the collagen V-induced systemic sclerosis experimental model

A esclerodermia sistêmica (ES) é caracterizada por fibrose da pele e órgãos internos, ativação imunológica e vasculopatia. Os modelos animais de ES sofrem com a falta de uma prova definitiva para o envolvimento vascular observado na doença humana. Um novo modelo induzido por colágeno do tipo V (COLV) reproduz muitas características da ES como fibrose e fenômenos imunológicos. No entanto, o estudo da vasculopatia ainda não foi abordado. O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar as alterações estruturais e funcionais das células endoteliais das artérias pulmonares do modelo de ES induzido pelo COLV, assim como determinar a doença pulmonar com ênfase especial no depósito de colágeno e síntese de RNAm de colágenos. Coelhos fêmeas Nova Zelândia (n = 8) foram imunizados com COLV humano emulsificado em adjuvante de Freund ou apenas com adjuvante de Freund (controle; n = 8). Após 7, 75 e 210 dias, os animais foram sacrificados e os pulmões foram analisados por microscopia eletrônica, hematoxilina e eosina, e marcações especiais incluindo imunomarcação para neovascularização (CD31), apoptose de células endoteliais (induzida pela caspase-3) e atividade endotelial (endotelina-1 e VEGF). A resposta vascular a acetilcolina (Ach) foi estudada em anéis de artéria pulmonar isolada. Para determinar o conteúdo de colágeno, expressão RNAm dos colágenos I, III e V e quantidade de colágeno (hidroxiprolina aminoácido específico), os pulmões foram submetidos a imunofluorescência, PCR em tempo real e análise bioquímica. Foi observado que os coelhos imunizados com COLV apresentaram um aumento progressivo de apoptose e atividade das células endoteliais a partir de 7 dias quando comparados aos coelhos controle (p 0,01). Em contrapartida, apenas aos 210 dias os coelhos imunizados com COLV apresentaram aumento significativo na neovascularização quando comparados com o grupo controle (p < 0,001). Coincidente com esses achados, a microscopia eletrônica mostrou alterações das células...

The hallmarks of systemic sclerosis (SSc) are fibrosis of skin and internal organs, immune activity and vasculopathy. Animal models of SSc suffer from lack of a definitive evidence for vascular involvement observed in human disease. A novel model induced by collagen type V (COLV) reproduces many features of SSc, however vascular study has not been addressed. The aim of the present study was therefore evaluate pulmonary arteries for structural and functional alterations in endothelial cells in the COLV-induced SSc model, as well as determine the lung disease with special emphasis on collagen deposition and mRNA collagen synthesis. Female New Zealand rabbits (n = 8) were immunized with human COLV/Freund´s adjuvant or Freund´s adjuvant alone (control; n = 8). After 7, 75 and 210 days, the animals were sacrificed and the lungs were examined by electron microscopy, hematoxylin&eosin and special stains including immunostaining for neovascularization (CD31), endothelial cells apoptosis (caspase-3 induced) and endothelial activity (endothelin-1 and VEGF). Vascular response to acetylcholine (Ach) on isolated pulmonary artery rings was evaluated. To determine collagen content, mRNA expressions of COL I, III and V, and the quantity of collagen-specific amino acid hydroxyproline, the lungs were submitted to immunofluorescence, real-time qPCR and biochemical examination. The COLV rabbits demonstrated an endothelial cells apoptosis and activity compared to control rabbits starting at day-7 (p 0.01). A significant increase in neovascularization was observed only in the COLV-rabbits at day-210 (p < 0,001). Coincident with these findings, the electron microscopy revealed extensive endothelial cells abnormalities characterized by apoptosis, degenerative organelle changes and cytoplasmic tumefaction. Endothelial cells appeared to be detached from the basement membrane. Ach dose required to achieve 50% maximum relaxation (EC50) of pulmonary artery rings was increased in COLV...

Estudo da participação do colágeno V no câncer de pulmão, especificamente no carcinoma não de pequenas células / Study of the involvement of collagen V in lung cancer specifically in non-small cell carcinoma

O colágeno V vem emergindo como um potente indutor de morte celular (apoptose) via caspase. Nosso objetivo, neste estudo, foi examinar a interface entre o colágeno dos tipos I, III e V, apoptose tumoral e endotelial, angiogênese e células imunes, assim como o impacto desses fatores no prognóstico de pacientes com carcinomas não de pequenas células (CNPC) de pulmão. As amostras foram obtidas de 65 pacientes com CNPC de pulmão cirurgicamente excisados. Foram utilizados imunofluorescência e histomorfometria para colágenos I, III e V; imunohistoquímica e histomorfometria para avaliar apoptose endotelial e epitelial pelas caspases 5, 6, 8, 9 e via TUNEL, antiapoptose pela expressão do Bcl-2 e Bcl-6, densidade microvascular utilizando CD34, atividade vascular através da endotelina, VCAM e CD54, além da laminina. As células imunes foram imunomarcadas pelo CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD56 Cd1a, S100, CD68 e as seguintes citocinas foram quantificadas: IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 e TGF-. O modelo de sobrevida de Cox mostrou que, quando controlados pelo estadiamento patológico linfonodal N, somente o colágeno do tipo V e a apoptose endotelial via caspase-9 foram significativamente associados com a sobrevida. Uma medida de corte ao nível da mediana para o colágeno do tipo V e caspase-9 dividiu os pacientes em dois grupos distintos de prognóstico. Aqueles com colágeno V maior do que 9,40% e apoptose vascular maior que 1,09% apresentaram baixo risco de morte (0,27 e 0,41, respectivamente), comparados com aqueles com colágeno V inferior a 9,40% e apoptose vascular inferior a 1,09%. Foi observada também menor densidade de células imunes e citocinas no microambiente tumoral do que não tumoral. O modelo de sobrevida de Cox, associando todas as variáveis estudadas, mostrou que baixo risco de morte associou-se com tabagismo menor que 41 maços/ano, estadiamento linfonodal N0, tratamento cirúrgico, ao tipo histológico carcinoma de células escamosas, fração de linfócitos CD4 > 16,2%...

Type V collagen emerging promise as inductor of death response (apoptosis) via caspase. Our aim was to verify the remodeling of the microenvironment by type V collagen, tumoral/vascular apoptosis, angiogenesis, immune response and their impact on prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). Collagen, apoptosis, angiogenesis and immune cells were examined in tumor tissues from 65 patients with surgically excised NSCLC. We used immunofluoresce, immunohistochemistry, morphometry, 3D reconstruction and real-time PCR to evaluate the amount, structure and mRNA chains expression of type V collagen, endothelium and epithelial apoptosis caspases 5, 6, 8, 9 and via TUNEL; anti-apoptotic expression Bcl-2 and Bcl-6; immune cells CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD56 Cd1a, S100 and CD68 and IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 e TGF- cytokines; microvessel density (CD34) and vascular activity by endotelin, V-CAM and Cd54. Impact of these markers was tested on follow-up until death from recurrent lung cancer. Decreased and abnormal synthesis of collagen V leads to increased angiogenesis by low endothelial death rate, and low immune response. Cox model analysis demonstrated that controlled for N stage, just two variables were significantly associated with survival time: collagen V and endothelium apoptosis caspase 9 +. Once these two variables were accounted for, none of the others related to survival. A cutpoint at the median for collagen V and endothelium apoptosis caspase 9 divided patients into two groups with distinctive prognosis. Those with collagen V > 9.40% and endothelium apoptosis caspase 9 > 1.09% have low risk of death (0.27 and 0.41, respectively) than those with collagen V < 9.40% and endothelium apoptosis caspase 9 + < 1.09%.In addition low levels of immune cells and cytokines in the tumour environment when compared with non-tumour environment. Cox model analysis with all variables showed low risk of death for tabagism < 41 packs/year, N0 stage, SCC, CD4+ > 16.81%...