Activity testing of alveolar macrophages and changes in surfactant phospholipids after irradiation in bronchoalveolar lavage: experimental and clinical data.

This study presents results of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) after irradiation to the lungs in mice as well as clinical data. The number of BAL cells, mainly macrophages, lymphocytes, and granulocytes, changed in a time-dependent manner. The phagocytic activity of the macrophages measured as the phagocytosis of microbeads and measured as the esterase activity also showed a strong time-dependent increase during the acute phase up to 21 days after irradiation. The contents of surfactant phospholipids (SF) and sphingomyelin (SPH; as a parameter for cell death) were quantified by HPLC. Both were significantly changed between day 2 and 21 after irradiation. Three BALs of a patient with idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis, who had received an allogenic bone marrow graft after total body irradiation with 10 Gy, showed similar effects in the cellular and surfactant parameters. These data indicate that there are positive interactions between the number of different BAL cells, macrophage activity, and SF and SPH content in the preclinical model of the mouse as well as in the clinical situation after lung irradiation.

[Diploid radiation gynogenesis in carp. III. Analysis of gynogenetic progeny by biochemical markers]. / Issledovaniia po diploidnomi radiatsionnomu ginogenezu u karpa. Soobshchenie III. Analiz ginogeneticheskikh potomstv po biokhimicheskim markeram.

Studies have been carried out on carp gynogenetic offspring by four autosome genes: Tf (transferrin), Est(s) (muscle esterases, slow), Est(f) (muscle esterases, fast), My (myogenes). Homozygosity and phenotypical homogeneity by all the loci studied are established for carps of the second generation of the induced gynogenesis. In the first generation obtained from heterozygous females, the correlation of homozygous offspring of two classes corresponding to the theoretically expected one (1:1). Heterozygous offspring makes (%): 5.0 (Tf), 9.1 (Est (s)), 28.4 (Est (f)). Three loci are mapped in relation to the centromere by heterozygote frequency. Genetic inactivation of the radiated sperm has been confirmed using biochemical markers. Due to the codominant nature of inheritance and high polymorphism, protein loci are considered to be convenuent genetic markers.

[Multiple forms of some enzymes in tissue of rectal carcinoma after x-ray treatment]. / Mnozhestvennye formy nekotorykh fermentov tkani raka priamoi kishki pri luchevoi terapii.

Alterations in activity of multiple forms of lactate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and esterase were studied in normal, tumoral and in surrounding tissue of rectum carcinoma developing after X-ray irradiation. The alterations in the activity of multiple forms of the enzymes were observed characteristic for both malignant tumors and normal tissues.

[Isoenzyme spectrum of lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, esterase and acid phosphatase of rat brain cells at different times after external 1 Gy gamma irradiation]. / Izofermentnyi spektr laktatdegidrogenazy, malatdegidrogenazy, ésterazy i kisloi fosfatazy kletok golovnogo mozga krys v raznye sroki posle vneshnego gama-oblucheniia v doze 1 gr.

The influence of external single gamma-irradiation with a dose of 1 Gy on the isoenzyme composition of lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, esterase and acid phosphatase in the cytoplasm of rat brain cells has been investigated. Irradiation was shown to cause differently directed changes in the ratio of the isoenzymes under study at different times after exposure. The isoenzyme spectrum of lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase was shown to be normalized on day 30 after irradiation, whereas the isoform composition of esterase and acid phosphatase was not stabilized at that time.

Photoimmobilization of organophosphorus hydrolase within a PEG-based hydrogel.

Organophosphorous hydrolase (OPH) was physically and covalently immobilized within photosensitive polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based hydrogels. The hydroxyl ends of branched polyethylene glycol (b-PEG, four arms, MW = 20,000) were modified with cinnamylidene acetate groups to give water-soluble, photosensitive PEG macromers (b-PEG-CA). The b-PEG-CA macromers underwent photocrosslinking reaction and formed gels upon UV irradiation (>300 nm) in the presence of erythrosin B. Native OPH was pegylated with cinnamylidene-terminated PEG chains (MW = 3400) to be covalently linked with the b-PEG-CA macromers during photogelation. The effect of pegylation on the stability of the enzyme was determined. Furthermore, the effect of enzyme concentration, wavelength of irradiation, and photosensitizer on the stability of the entrapped enzyme was also investigated. The pegylated OPH was more stable than the native enzyme, and the OPH-containing gels exhibited superior stability than the soluble enzyme preparations.