Endoscopy-assisted medial canthus incision for olfactory neuroblastoma: a case report.

Sinonasal malignant tumors are a group of uncommon malignancies that account for less than 1% of all tumors. These tumors often involve the maxillary sinus and nasal cavity, with less cumulative incidence in the ethmoidal sinus, sphenoidal sinus, and frontal sinus. The lack of consensus on the management of sinonasal malignancies is due to their rarity, diagnostic challenges, and the heterogeneity of treatments. In this paper, we present a case of endoscopic-assisted medial canthus incision combined with radiotherapy in the treatment of sinonasal malignant tumors, with the aim of providing valuable insights to clinicians on the management of these tumors.

Olfactory neuroblastoma: A rare sinonasal malignancy.

Olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare malignant tumour arising from the olfactory nerve and extending into the nasal cavity. In this case report, the case of a 42-year-old male is presented. The patient had a two-month history of progressive nasal blockage and episodes of epistaxis. No complaint of anosmia or facial pain was reported. All the necessary examinations were performed. Upon investigation, the CT scan and MRI showed a polypoid mass involving the right maxillary sinus, eroding the medial wall and expanding into the osteo-meatal complex. The diagnosis of olfactory neuroblastoma was confirmed through histopathological examination and further validated by immunohistochemistry as it was positive for synaptophysin, chromogranin, gamma enolase, and neurofilament. On staging, the tumour was Kadish B. The mass was excised by lateral rhinotomy. The patient was kept on radiotherapy and was free from recurrence upon follow-up 10 months later. It was concluded that based on the analysis of findings related to olfactory neuroblastomas, clinicians should contemplate the possibility of an ONB when radiographic images depict a dumbbell-shaped mass within the nasal cavity, accompanied by peritumoural cysts. Using a multimodal treatment approach is advisable.

Neuroblastoma olfatorio. todo lo que el radiólogo debe saber / Olfactory Neuroblastoma. everything the Radiologist Should Know

Resumen El neuroblastoma olfatorio (NBO) es un tumor maligno poco frecuente que se origina de las células neuroepiteliales olfativas. Su diagnóstico precoz es difícil debido a la poca especificidad de los síntomas que presentan los pacientes. Las pruebas de imagen juegan un papel importante en su diagnóstico y en la planificación quirúrgica, por lo que es importante que los radiólogos conozcan sus hallazgos y las diferentes clasificaciones que ayudarán a elegir el tratamiento más adecuado para cada tumor.

Abstract Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare malignant tumor that originates from olfactory neuroepithelial cells. Its early diagnosis is difficult due to the low specificity of the symptoms. Imaging tests play an important role in its diagnosis and surgical planning so it is important that radiologists know their findings and the different classifications that will help to choose the most appropriate treatment for each tumor.

Neuroblastoma olfatório radioinduzido: um relato de caso / Radioinduced olfactory neuroblastoma: a case report

O neuroblastoma olfatório é um tumor neuroepitelial raro, que cresce do epitélio olfatório na placa cribriforme ou na porção superior da cavidade nasal. Apresenta dois picos de incidência, entre 11 e 20 anos e entre 51 e 60 anos. O comprometimento da mucosa olfatória na porção superior das fossas nasais pode sinalizar a possibilidade de neuroblastoma olfatório, principalmente quando associado à lesão intracraniana com cistos adjacentes. Possui alta incidência de recidiva, e há a necessidade de acompanhamento prolongado. Apresentamos o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 15 anos, com histórico de rabdomiossarcoma embrionário com anaplasia de órbita esquerda, submetida a tratamento quimiorradioterápico até 2009. Permaneceu por mais de 10 anos em controle, procurando assistência médica, por queixa de anosmia de início há um mês associada a cefaleia, aumento da protrusão de olho esquerdo e ptose. A tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética revelaram o surgimento de volumosa formação expansiva extra-axial, de contorno lobulado e limites parcialmente definidos, centrada na base craniana anterior, em situação mediana, que determinava osteodestruição do etmoide, do plano esfenoidal e das fóveas etmoidais, com projeção nas fossas nasais e, através das lâminas papiráceas, em ambas as cavidades orbitárias, sobretudo na esquerda, onde rechaçava o músculo reto medial e mantinha contato com o globo ocular. A massa apresentava impregnação difusa pelo contraste, exceto por cistos situados na periferia do componente de extensão intracraniano. Sendo considerado o surgimento tardio da massa descrita ao longo do controle evolutivo da lesão primária orbitária, bem como a localização e as características intrínsecas, foi sugerida a possibilidade de neuroblastoma olfatório radioinduzido, sendo tal hipótese confirmada pelo estudo histopatológico. Foi realizada a ressecção total do tumor e quimioterapia adjuvante, estando programado o início de radioterapia

Olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare neuroepithelial tumor that grows from the olfactory epithelium in the cribriform plate or upper portion of the nasal cavity. It has two incidence peaks, between 11 and 20 years and between 51 and 60 years. Compromising the olfactory mucosa in the upper portion of the nasal cavities may signal the possibility of olfactory neuroblastoma, especially when associated with an intracranial lesion with adjacent cysts. It has a high incidence of recurrence, and there is a need for prolonged follow-up. We present the case of a female patient, 15 years old, with a history of anaplastic embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the left orbit, who underwent chemoradiotherapy treatment until 2009. She remained under control for more than 10 years, having sought medical assistance, complaining of anosmia that had started a month before, associated with headache, increased protrusion of the left eye and ptosis. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed the emergence of a large extra-axial expansive formation, with a lobulated contour and partially defined limits, centered on the anterior cranial base, in a median position, which determined osteodestruction of the ethmoid, sphenoid plane and ethmoidal foveas, with projection in the nasal cavities and, through the papyraceous laminae, in both orbital cavities, especially in the left, where it repelled the medial rectus muscle and maintained contact with the ocular globe. The mass showed diffuse contrast enhancement, except for cysts located at the periphery of the intracranial extension component. Considering the late appearance of the mass described during the follow up of the primary orbital lesion, as well as the location and intrinsic characteristics, the possibility of radio-induced olfactory neuroblastoma was suggested, and this hypothesis was confirmed by the histopathological study. Total resection of the tumor and adjuvant chemotherapy were performed, and the start of radiotherapy is scheduled