[Resistance to ACE inhibitors. Myth or reality?]. / Echappement aux inhibiteurs de l'enzyme de conversion. Mythe ou réalité?

ABSTRACT

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors represent a major advance in the treatment of hypertension, and generally speaking, in cardiovascular prevention; myocardial infarction; cardiac failure. They have a cardio and vascular protective action by tending to correct hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy and remodelling, endothelial dysfunction, arterial smooth muscle proliferation and thrombotic phenomena. However, besides the cough that this therapeutic class engenders, a major question remains unanswered is there resistance to this family of drugs? In other words, does left ventricular remodelling and arterial smooth muscle proliferation continue with regular treatment at the prescribed dosages? The synthesis of angiotensin II does not only depend on the angiotensin converting enzyme but also on the quality of angiotensin I and the presence of other enzymes such as chymase. A secondary increase of angiotensin II with ACE inhibitor therapy may reflect insufficient blockade of the renin-angiotensin system or a synthesis of angiotensin II by an alternative pathway to the converting enzyme. In vivo measurement of ACE inhibition shows that blockade of the renin-angiotensin system is automatically limited due to the very accurate regulation of angiotensin II concentrations.