The effects of delta1-cortienic acid on skin blanching, pharmacokinetics and stability of loteprednol etabonate.

ABSTRACT

The effect of delta1-cortienic acid (delta1-CA) on human skin blanching activity of the soft corticosteroid, loteprednol etabonate (LE), has been studied. Ten volunteers had applied to their forearms a dose of LE ranging from 0.1 to 1 mM, or LE from 0.1 to 1 mM in combination with 2-times the concentration of delta1-CA (0.2 - 2mM). The results indicate that delta1-CA increased LE's effect on human vasoconstriction/skin blanching activity, both in the intensity and duration. This enhancing effect of delta1-CA was also observed in other blanching studies with other corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone. The enhancement may occur through the displacement of LE bound to transcortin (also known as corticosteroid-binding globulin, or CBG) by delta1-CA as delta1-CA has a higher affinity for CBG than that for glucocorticoid receptor (GR), resulting in more free-LE to act on GR, and increased skin blanching. In rat studies, intravenous injection of delta1-CA (5-50 mg/kg) did not affect the pharmacokinetics of LE (5 mg/kg), indicating that delta1-CA is safe for combined use with LE. In stability studies, the presence of delta1-CA at the same concentrations as LE in aqueous suspension (0.1 and 0.2%) significantly increased the stability of LE. Thus, the combination of delta1-CA with LE serves an enhancing and stabilizing role while not impacting the pharmacokinetic properties of LE.