Entrapping an ionic liquid with nanocarbon: the formation of a tailorable and functional surface.

An interface microenvironment between nanocarbon and ionic liquids (ILs) is presented. By an entrapping effect, a few layers of ILs can be finely deposited on the surface of nanocarbon, endowing amazingly tailorable surface properties. The entrapped IL layer, which was believed to be unable to be charred under pyrolysis conditions alone, can be further carbonized to a functional carbon layer. C, B, and N were confirmed to share the same hexagonal ring in the resultant layer, which provides more designable electronic properties.