Cancer immunoprevention: from mice to early clinical trials.
BMC Immunol
; 19(1): 16, 2018 06 15.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-29902992
ABSTRACT
Cancer immunoprevention is based on the fact that a functioning immune system controls tumor onset and development in humans and animals, thus leading to the idea that the enhancement of immune responses in healthy individuals could effectively reduce cancer risk later in life. Successful primary immunoprevention of tumors caused by hepatitis B and papilloma viruses is already implemented at the population level with specific vaccines. The immunoprevention of human tumors unrelated to infectious agents is an outstanding challenge. Proof-of-principle preclinical studies in genetically-modified or in carcinogen-exposed mice clearly demonstrated that vaccines and other immunological treatments induce host immune responses that effectively control tumor onset and progression, eventually resulting in cancer prevention. While a straightforward translation to healthy humans is currently unfeasible, a number of pioneering clinical trials showed that cancer immunoprevention can be effectively implemented in human cohorts affected by specific cancer risks, such as preneoplastic/early neoplastic lesions. Future developments will see the implementation of cancer immunoprevention in a wider range of conditions at risk of tumor development, such as the exposure to known carcinogens and genetic predispositions.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Lesões Pré-Cancerosas
/
Vacinas Anticâncer
/
Neoplasias
/
Antineoplásicos
Limite:
Animals
/
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
BMC Immunol
Assunto da revista:
ALERGIA E IMUNOLOGIA
Ano de publicação:
2018
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Itália