Autonomic dysfunction in the neurological intensive care unit.
Clin Auton Res
; 29(3): 301-311, 2019 06.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-30022321
ABSTRACT
Autonomic dysfunction is common in neuro-critical care patients and may compromise the function of various organs. Among the many diseases causing or being associated with autonomic dysfunction are traumatic brain injury, cerebrovascular diseases, epilepsy, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), alcohol withdrawal syndrome, botulism and tetanus, among many others. Autonomic dysfunction may afflict various organs and may involve hyper- or hypo-activity of the sympathetic or parasympathetic system. In this short overview, we address only a small number of neuro-intensive care diseases with autonomic dysfunction. In GBS, autonomic dysfunction is frequent and may account for increased mortality rates; rapid changes between sympathetic and parasympathetic hypo- or hyper-activity may cause life-threatening cardiovascular complications. Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity occurs after brain injury, hypoxia and cerebrovascular and other events, causes paroxysmal tachycardia, hypertension, tachypnoea and hyperthermia and is associated with a poorer prognosis and prolonged intensive care treatment. Other, at times life-threatening autonomic complications with exaggerated sympathetic activity and compromised baroreflex sensitivity arise during the alcohol withdrawal syndrome triggered by abrupt cessation of alcohol consumption. Botulism and tetanus are examples of life-threatening autonomic dysfunction caused by bacterial neurotoxins. Common neurological diseases, such as epilepsy, stroke or subarachnoid haemorrhage, are also associated with autonomic dysfunction that can on occasion cause critical deterioration of disease severity and prognosis.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Autônomo
/
Unidades de Terapia Intensiva
/
Doenças do Sistema Nervoso
Tipo de estudo:
Prognostic_studies
Limite:
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Clin Auton Res
Assunto da revista:
NEUROLOGIA
Ano de publicação:
2019
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Alemanha