NEK4 kinase regulates EMT to promote lung cancer metastasis.

ABSTRACT

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic transitional state from the epithelial to mesenchymal phenotypes. Numerous studies have suggested that EMT and its intermediate states play important roles in tumor invasion and metastasis. To identify novel regulatory molecules of EMT, we screened a siRNA library targeting human 720 kinases in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells harboring E-cadherin promoter-luciferase reporter vectors. NIMA-related kinase-4 (NEK4) was identified and characterized as a positive regulator of EMT in the screening. Suppression of NEK4 resulted in the inhibition of cell migration and invasion, accompanying with an increased expression of cell adhesion-related proteins such as E-cadherin and ZO1. Furthermore, NEK4 knockdown caused the decreased expression of the transcriptional factor Zeb1 and Smads proteins, which are known to play key roles in EMT regulation. Consistently, overexpression of NEK4 resulted in the decreased expression of E-cadherin and increased expression of Smad3. Using a mouse model with tail vein injection of NEK4 knockdown stable cell line, we found a lower rate of tumor formation and metastasis of the NEK4-knockdown cells in vivo. Thus, this study demonstrates NEK4 as a novel kinase involved in regulation of EMT and suggests that NEK4 may be further explored as a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer metastasis.