Behavioral and neural sensitivity to uncertain threat in individuals with alcohol use disorder: Associations with drinking behaviors and motives.
Addict Biol
; 25(3): e12774, 2020 05.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-31173426
ABSTRACT
A developing theory is that individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) display exaggerated reactivity to threats that are uncertain (U-threat), which facilitates excessive drinking as a means of avoidance-based coping. There is a promising initial behavioral evidence supporting this theory; however, the neural bases of reactivity to U-threat in individuals with AUD have not been examined. The extent to which biomarkers of U-threat reactivity map onto drinking behaviors and coping motives for alcohol use is also unknown. The current study therefore examined group differences in behavioral and neural reactivity to U-threat in adults with and without AUD. The study also tested whether behavior and brain responses to U-threat correlate with problematic drinking and coping motivated drinking. Volunteers (n = 65) with and without a history of AUD (38 AUD, 27 controls) were included and completed a well-validated threat-of-shock task to probe responses to U-threat and predictable threat (P-threat) while startle eyeblink potentiation was collected. Individuals also completed a newly designed, analogous version of the task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Results indicated that individuals with AUD displayed greater startle magnitude during U-threat, but not P-threat, and greater right insula and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) activation during both forms of threat compared with controls. Startle magnitude and insula activation during U-threat positively correlated with self-reported problem drinking and coping motives for alcohol use. Findings demonstrate that individuals with AUD display exaggerated sensitivity to U-threat at the behavioral and neural level and that these multimethod biomarkers tap into negative reinforcement processes of alcohol abuse.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Reflexo de Sobressalto
/
Adaptação Psicológica
/
Córtex Cerebral
/
Alcoolismo
/
Medo
/
Motivação
Tipo de estudo:
Diagnostic_studies
/
Observational_studies
/
Prognostic_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Adult
/
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Addict Biol
Assunto da revista:
TRANSTORNOS RELACIONADOS COM SUBSTANCIAS
Ano de publicação:
2020
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Estados Unidos