Hemin-porous g-C3N4 hybrid nanosheets as an efficient peroxidase mimic for colorimetric and visual determination of glucose.

ABSTRACT

A method is described for colorimetric determination of glucose by using hemin-porous graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) hybrid nanosheets as a peroxidase mimic. The porous g-C3N4 nanosheets were prepared by a combination of one-pot self-polymerization, pyrolysis and liquid-phase exfoliation. The hemin-porous g-C3N4 hybrid nanosheets were prepared via in-situ deposition. It is shown that the hybrid composite has improved dispersibility, stability, and peroxidase-mimicking activity in the 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)/H2O2 system. This is deemed to be the result of the synergistic effect of hemin and porous g-C3N4 nanosheets. Based on these advantages of the nanosheets, a simple, low-cost, sensitive and selective colorimetric method was established for the determination of glucose at pH values around 7. Best performed at a wavelength of 652 nm, the assay has a linear response in the 10.0 µM to 500 µM glucose concentration range (R2 = 0.9942) and a 1.94 µM limit of detection. This method was successfully applied to the determination of glucose in (spiked) human serum samples. In our perception, the hybrid is a robust peroxidase mimic for use in POx-based assays as needed in medical diagnosis and environmental analysis. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of the process of hemin-porous g-C3N4 hybrid nanosheets catalyzing the oxidation of peroxidase chromogenic substrate tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of H2O2. The material was applied in colorimetric and visual determination of H2O2 and glucose.