Safety and efficacy of salt substitution with a low sodium-potassium enriched dietary salt in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: A pilot study.
Clin Nutr ESPEN
; 35: 90-94, 2020 02.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-31987127
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND AIMS:
Increased sodium intake is associated with increased risk of decompensation in patients with heart failure. This non-randomized, open-label, controlled study aimed to examine the feasibility, preliminary safety and efficacy of a low sodium-potassium enriched salt substitute compared to regular table salt in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFREF).METHODS:
Fifty patients (68% male, NYHA I/II/III 6%/68%/26%, mean age 70 ± 9 years, LVEF 31 ± 5%, median BNP 112 pg/ml) were included. Of these, 30 patients received the salt substitute (maximum consumption of 2 g daily), who were prospectively compared to a control group of 20 age/sex/NYHA class-matched HFREF patients who consumed regular salt (maximum consumption of 2 g daily). Consumption of regular salt was prohibited in the salt substitution group. All patients were followed for 12 weeks.RESULTS:
Patient groups did not differ by sex, age, LVEF, NYHA class, 6MWD, and BNP at baseline. In primary safety analysis, no significant differences were detected between groups regarding SBP (p = 0.052), DBP (p = 0.159), HR (p = 0.246), serum potassium (p = 0.579), serum sodium (p = 0.125), and eGFR (p = 0.710) throughout the 12 weeks. Secondary efficacy analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in 6MWD at 12 weeks between the salt substitute and regular salt groups after adjustment for baseline 6MWD (mean difference±SEM, 4.7 ± 2.1 m, F = 4.92, p = 0.031).CONCLUSIONS:
In this pilot study, a low sodium-potassium enriched salt substitute was found to be safe compared to regular salt in HFREF patients, while it resulted in a small albeit significant improvement in exercise capacity, possibly justifying further investigation with randomized clinical studies.Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Potássio na Dieta
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Cloreto de Sódio na Dieta
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Dieta Hipossódica
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Insuficiência Cardíaca
Tipo de estudo:
Clinical_trials
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Observational_studies
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Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Aged
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Female
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Humans
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Male
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Middle aged
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Clin Nutr ESPEN
Ano de publicação:
2020
Tipo de documento:
Article