Transcultural adaptation and validity of a pictogram to assess communication needs in adults with artificial airway in intensive care. / Adaptación transcultural y validez de un pictograma para evaluar necesidades de comunicación en adultos con vía aérea artificial en cuidados intensivos.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To perform the cross-cultural adaptation and validity of a pictogram to assess communication needs in adults with artificial airway in ICU in Cartagena, Colombia. METHOD: Scale validation study, population comprising all the patients who were hospitalized in six ICU of Cartagena-Colombia. The sample was made up of 181 adult patients with artificial airway, the adaptation to Spanish was determined (translation, backtranslation, expert review, pre-final version, pilot test, final version), facial validity by expert agreement, content validity with the Lawshe index modified by Tristan (cut-off point 0.58), exploratory factor analysis (AFE) with the Bartlett's test of sphericity and Cattell's graph; internal consistency measured through the Cronbach alpha statistic. RESULTS: Patients between the ages of 19 and 88years participated (mean 54±17); 91.71% expressed frequent needs for accompaniment, knowing date and time; 61% of the experts agreed with the cross-culturally adapted items, the overall Content Validity Index (CVI) was 0.86 with agreement in understanding eleven items. The AFE suggested retaining 13 items and 3 factors (perception/cognition, elimination and exchange, comfort), which explain the construct. The internal alpha Cronbach consistency was 0.64. CONCLUSIONS: The pictographic material, Spanish version, was shown to be a multidimensional instrument composed of 18 items grouped in 3 factors. Therefore, it is recommended it be applied to the patient with artificial airway and to establish communication as a preliminary point of care in nursing.