HIV co-receptor-tropism: cellular and molecular events behind the enigmatic co-receptor switching.
Crit Rev Microbiol
; 47(4): 499-516, 2021 Aug.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-33900141
ABSTRACT
Recognition of cell-surface receptors and co-receptors is a crucial molecular event towards the establishment of HIV infection. HIV exists as several variants that differentially recognize the principal co-receptors, CCR5 and CXCR4, in different cell types, known as HIV co-receptor-tropism. The relative levels of these variants dynamically adjust to the changing host selection pressures to infect a vast repertoire of cells in a stage-specific manner. HIV infection sets in through immune cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and T-lymphocytes in the acute stage, while a wide range of other cells, including astrocytes, glial cells, B-lymphocytes, and epithelial cells, are infected during chronic stages. A change in tropism occurs during the transition from acute to a chronic phase, termed as co-receptor switching marked by a change in disease severity. The cellular and molecular events leading to co-receptor switching are poorly understood. This review aims to collate our present understanding of the dynamics of HIV co-receptor-tropism vis-à-vis host and viral factors, highlighting the cellular and molecular events involved therein. We present the possible correlations between virus entry, cell tropism, and co-receptor switching, speculating its consequences on disease progression, and proposing new scientific pursuits to help in an in-depth understanding of HIV biology.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Receptores Virais
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Infecções por HIV
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HIV-1
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Tropismo Viral
Limite:
Animals
/
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Crit Rev Microbiol
Assunto da revista:
MICROBIOLOGIA
Ano de publicação:
2021
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Índia