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Timing of chocolate intake affects hunger, substrate oxidation, and microbiota: A randomized controlled trial.
Hernández-González, Teresa; González-Barrio, Rocío; Escobar, Carolina; Madrid, Juan Antonio; Periago, Maria Jesús; Collado, Maria Carmen; Scheer, Frank A J L; Garaulet, Marta.
Afiliação
  • Hernández-González T; Department of Physiology, Regional Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
  • González-Barrio R; Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU, University Clinical Hospital, Murcia, Spain.
  • Escobar C; Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU, University Clinical Hospital, Murcia, Spain.
  • Madrid JA; Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of Internacional Excellence, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
  • Periago MJ; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
  • Collado MC; Department of Physiology, Regional Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
  • Scheer FAJL; Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU, University Clinical Hospital, Murcia, Spain.
  • Garaulet M; Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU, University Clinical Hospital, Murcia, Spain.
FASEB J ; 35(7): e21649, 2021 07.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34164846
ABSTRACT
Eating chocolate in the morning or in the evening/at night, may differentially affect energy balance and impact body weight due to changes in energy intake, substrate oxidation, microbiota (composition/function), and circadian-related variables. In a randomized controlled trial, postmenopausal females (n = 19) had 100 g of chocolate in the morning (MC), in the evening/at night (EC), or no chocolate (N) for 2 weeks and ate any other food ad libitum. Our results show that 14 days of chocolate intake did not increase body weight. Chocolate consumption decreased hunger and desire for sweets (P < .005), and reduced ad libitum energy intake by ~300 kcal/day during MC and ~150 kcal/day during EC (P = .01), but did not fully compensate for the extra energy contribution of chocolate (542 kcal/day). EC increased physical activity by +6.9%, heat dissipation after meals +1.3%, and carbohydrate oxidation by +35.3% (P < .05). MC reduced fasting glucose (4.4%) and waist circumference (-1.7%) and increased lipid oxidation (+25.6%). Principal component analyses showed that both timings of chocolate intake resulted in differential microbiota profiles and function (P < .05). Heat map of wrist temperature and sleep records showed that EC induced more regular timing of sleep episodes with lower variability of sleep onset among days than MC (60 min vs 78 min; P = .028). In conclusion, having chocolate in the morning or in the evening/night results in differential effects on hunger and appetite, substrate oxidation, fasting glucose, microbiota (composition and function), and sleep and temperature rhythms. Results highlight that the "when" we eat is a relevant factor to consider in energy balance and metabolism.
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Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Apetite / Carboidratos / Índice de Massa Corporal / Fome / Microbiota / Chocolate Tipo de estudo: Clinical_trials Limite: Aged / Female / Humans / Middle aged Idioma: En Revista: FASEB J Assunto da revista: BIOLOGIA / FISIOLOGIA Ano de publicação: 2021 Tipo de documento: Article País de afiliação: Espanha

Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Apetite / Carboidratos / Índice de Massa Corporal / Fome / Microbiota / Chocolate Tipo de estudo: Clinical_trials Limite: Aged / Female / Humans / Middle aged Idioma: En Revista: FASEB J Assunto da revista: BIOLOGIA / FISIOLOGIA Ano de publicação: 2021 Tipo de documento: Article País de afiliação: Espanha