Fungicide Sensitivity of Colletotrichum Species Causing Bitter Rot of Apple in the Mid-Atlantic U.S.A.
Plant Dis
; 106(2): 549-563, 2022 Feb.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-34353127
ABSTRACT
Apple growers in the Mid-Atlantic region of the U.S.A. have reported increased losses to bitter rot of apple. We tested the hypothesis that this increase is because the Colletotrichum population has developed resistance to commonly used single-mode-of-action (single-MoA) fungicides. We screened 220 Colletotrichum isolates obtained from 38 apple orchards in the Mid-Atlantic region for resistance to 11 fungicides in Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) groups 1, 7, 9, 11, 12, and 29. Eleven (5%) of these isolates were resistant to FRAC group 1 with confirmed ß-tubulin E198A mutations, and two (<1%) were also resistant to FRAC group 11 with confirmed cytochrome-b G143A mutations. Such low frequencies of resistant isolates indicate that fungicide resistance is unlikely to be the cause of any regional increase in bitter rot. A subsample of isolates was subsequently tested in vitro for sensitivity to every single-MoA fungicide registered for apple in the Mid-Atlantic U.S.A. (22 fungicides; FRAC groups 1, 3, 7, 9, 11, 12, and 29), and 13 fungicides were tested in field trials. These fungicides varied widely in efficacy both within and between FRAC groups. Comparisons of results from our in vitro tests with results from our field trials and other field trials conducted across the eastern U.S.A. suggested that EC25 values (concentrations that reduce growth by 25%) are better predictors of fungicide efficacy in normal field conditions than EC50 values. We present these results as a guideline for choosing single-MoA fungicides for bitter rot control in the Mid-Atlantic U.S.A.
Palavras-chave
C. fioriniae; C. noveboracense; C. siamense; Colletotrichum chrysophilum; EC(25); EC(50); benzovindiflupyr; boscalid; cyprodinil; difenoconazole; fenbuconazole; fluazinam; fludioxonil; fluopyram; flutriafol; fluxapyroxad; fungicide resistance; inpyrfluxam; isofetamid; kresoxim-methyl; mefentrifluconazole; myclobutanil; penthiopyrad; pydiflumetofen; pyraclostrobin; pyrimethanil; thiophanate-methyl; trifloxystrobin; triflumizole
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Colletotrichum
/
Malus
/
Fungicidas Industriais
Tipo de estudo:
Diagnostic_studies
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Plant Dis
Ano de publicação:
2022
Tipo de documento:
Article