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Urbanization extends flight phenology and leads to local adaptation of seasonal plasticity in Lepidoptera.
Merckx, Thomas; Nielsen, Matthew E; Heliölä, Janne; Kuussaari, Mikko; Pettersson, Lars B; Pöyry, Juha; Tiainen, Juha; Gotthard, Karl; Kivelä, Sami M.
Afiliação
  • Merckx T; Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; th.merckx@gmail.com matthew.nielsen@zoologi.su.se.
  • Nielsen ME; Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
  • Heliölä J; Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; th.merckx@gmail.com matthew.nielsen@zoologi.su.se.
  • Kuussaari M; Biodiversity Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.
  • Pettersson LB; Biodiversity Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.
  • Pöyry J; Biodiversity Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden.
  • Tiainen J; Biodiversity Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.
  • Gotthard K; Natural Resources Institute Finland, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.
  • Kivelä SM; Lammi Biological Station, University of Helsinki, 16900 Lammi, Finland.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 118(40)2021 10 05.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34580222
ABSTRACT
Urbanization is gaining force globally, which challenges biodiversity, and it has recently also emerged as an agent of evolutionary change. Seasonal phenology and life cycle regulation are essential processes that urbanization is likely to alter through both the urban heat island effect (UHI) and artificial light at night (ALAN). However, how UHI and ALAN affect the evolution of seasonal adaptations has received little attention. Here, we test for the urban evolution of seasonal life-history plasticity, specifically changes in the photoperiodic induction of diapause in two lepidopterans, Pieris napi (Pieridae) and Chiasmia clathrata (Geometridae). We used long-term data from standardized monitoring and citizen science observation schemes to compare yearly phenological flight curves in six cities in Finland and Sweden to those of adjacent rural populations. This analysis showed for both species that flight seasons are longer and end later in most cities, suggesting a difference in the timing of diapause induction. Then, we used common garden experiments to test whether the evolution of the photoperiodic reaction norm for diapause could explain these phenological changes for a subset of these cities. These experiments demonstrated a genetic shift for both species in urban areas toward a lower daylength threshold for direct development, consistent with predictions based on the UHI but not ALAN. The correspondence of this genetic change to the results of our larger-scale observational analysis of in situ flight phenology indicates that it may be widespread. These findings suggest that seasonal life cycle regulation evolves in urban ectotherms and may contribute to ecoevolutionary dynamics in cities.
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Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Borboletas / Adaptação Fisiológica Tipo de estudo: Prognostic_studies Limite: Animals País/Região como assunto: Europa Idioma: En Revista: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Ano de publicação: 2021 Tipo de documento: Article

Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Borboletas / Adaptação Fisiológica Tipo de estudo: Prognostic_studies Limite: Animals País/Região como assunto: Europa Idioma: En Revista: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Ano de publicação: 2021 Tipo de documento: Article