Quantifying skin sensitivity caused by mechanical insults: A review.

BACKGROUND: Skin sensitivity (SS) is a commonly occurring response to a range of stimuli, including environmental conditions (e.g., sun exposure), chemical irritants (e.g., soaps and cosmetics), and mechanical forces (e.g., while shaving). From both industry and academia, many efforts have been taken to quantify the characteristics of SS in a standardised manner, but the study is hindered by the lack of an objective definition. METHODS: A review of the scientific literature regarding different parameters attributed to the loss of skin integrity and linked with exhibition of SS was conducted. Articles included were screened for mechanical stimulation of the skin, with objective quantification of tissue responses using biophysical or imaging techniques. Additionally, studies where cohorts of SS and non-SS individuals were reported have been critiqued. RESULTS: The findings identified that the structure and function of the stratum corneum and its effective barrier properties are closely associated with SS. Thus, an array of skin tissue responses has been selected for characterization of SS due to mechanical stimuli, including: transepidermal water loss, hydration, redness, temperature, and sebum index. Additionally, certain imaging tools allow quantification of the superficial skin layers, providing structural characteristics underlying SS. CONCLUSION: This review proposes a multimodal approach for identification of SS, providing a means to characterise skin tissue responses objectively. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been suggested as a suitable tool for dermatological research with clinical applications. Such an approach would enhance the knowledge underlying the multifactorial nature of SS and aid the development of personalised solutions in medical and consumer devices.