Experiences of childhood adversity across generations - Continuity or change? A study from the Northern Ireland youth wellbeing survey.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Although a wealth of international literature consistently links cumulative experiences of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with physical, mental and emotional problems in later life, only a few studies have focused on intergenerational ACE exposure and research using nationally representative populations is lacking. OBJECTIVE: This paper examines intergenerational associations between parent and child ACE scores in a large nationally representative sample of parent-child dyads. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Participant comprise 1042 pairs of parents and young people (11-19 year olds) who both completed questions relating to their exposure to ACEs (N = 1042) as part the Northern Ireland Youth Wellbeing Survey (NIYWS) - a stratified random probability household survey of the prevalence of mental health disorders among 2 to 19 year olds in Northern Ireland (N = 3074). METHODS: Hierarchical regression was used to identify the relationship between parent and young people ACE scores and investigate the extent to which this is influenced by child, parent, family and socio-economic variables. RESULTS: In the final model, young person ACE scores were associated with older child age (ß = 0.082, p = .016), younger parental age (ß = -0.083, p = .022), fewer children in the household (ß = -0.120, p < .001), poor child health (ß = 0.160, p < .001), low family support (ß = 0.118, p = .001) and the household being in receipt of benefits (ß = 0.223, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: This study found a small association between parent and young person ACE exposure which was attenuated through other variables.