Fungal infections: Pathogenesis, antifungals and alternate treatment approaches.
Curr Res Microb Sci
; 3: 100137, 2022.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-35909631
ABSTRACT
Increasing incidence of fungal infections of recent times requires immediate intervention. Fungal infections are seldom construed at initial stages that intensify the severity of infections and complicate the treatment procedures. Fungal pathogens employ various mechanisms to evade the host immune system and to progress the severity of infections. For the treatment of diverse superficial and systemic infections, antifungal drugs from the available repertoire are administered. However, well documented evidence of fungal resistance to most of the antifungal drugs hampers disease control and poses challenges in antifungal therapy. Several physiological adaptations and genetic mutations followed by their selection in presence of antifungal agents drive the resistance development in fungi. The availability of limited antifungal arsenal, emergence of resistance and biofilm-conferred resistance drives the need for development of novel drugs and alternate approaches for the better treatment outcome against mycoses. This graphical review explicitly shed light on various fungal infections and causative organisms, pathogenesis, different antifungal drugs and resistance mechanisms including host immune response and evasion strategies. Here, we have highlighted recent developments on novel antifungal agents and other alternate approaches for fighting against fungal infections.
ABC, ATP-Binding Cassette; APC, Antigen Presenting Cells; Alternate antifungal therapies; Antifungal resistance; BAD1, Blastomyces Adhesin-1; BBB, Blood Brain Barrier; Biofilm; CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; CNS, Central Nervous System; DC, Dendritic Cells; ERG, ETS-Related Gene; ETS, Erythoblast Transformation Specific; FCY, Fluorocytosine Deaminase; FDA, Food and Drug Administration; Fungal pathogenesis; G-CSF, Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor; GM-CSF, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor; HAI, Healthcare Associated Infections; HIV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; Host-immune response; Hsp, Heat Shock Protein; IFN, Interferon; M-CSF, Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor; MFS, Major Facilitator Superfamily; NK, Natural Killer; PAMP, Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern; PRR, Pattern Recognition Receptors; RNS, Reactive Nitrogen Species; ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species; TLR, Toll-Like Receptors
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Tipo de estudo:
Etiology_studies
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Curr Res Microb Sci
Ano de publicação:
2022
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Índia