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Household Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 From Adult Index Cases With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus in South Africa, 2020-2021: A Case-Ascertained, Prospective, Observational Household Transmission Study.
Kleynhans, Jackie; Walaza, Sibongile; Martinson, Neil A; Neti, Mzimasi; von Gottberg, Anne; Bhiman, Jinal N; Toi, Dylan; Amoako, Daniel G; Buys, Amelia; Ndlangisa, Kedibone; Wolter, Nicole; Genade, Leisha; Maloma, Lucia; Chewparsad, Juanita; Lebina, Limakatso; de Gouveia, Linda; Kotane, Retshidisitswe; Tempia, Stefano; Cohen, Cheryl.
Afiliação
  • Kleynhans J; Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Walaza S; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Martinson NA; Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Neti M; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • von Gottberg A; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Bhiman JN; Center for TB Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
  • Toi D; Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Amoako DG; Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Buys A; School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Ndlangisa K; Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Wolter N; School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Genade L; Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Maloma L; Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Chewparsad J; School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
  • Lebina L; Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • de Gouveia L; Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Kotane R; Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Tempia S; School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Cohen C; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Clin Infect Dis ; 76(3): e71-e81, 2023 02 08.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35925613
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

In South Africa, 19% of adults are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; LWH). Few data on the influence of HIV on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) household transmission are available.

METHODS:

We performed a case-ascertained, prospective household transmission study of symptomatic adult index SARS-CoV-2 cases LWH and not living with HIV (NLWH) and their contacts from October 2020 to September 2021. Households were followed up 3 times a week for 6 weeks to collect nasal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 testing. We estimated household cumulative infection risk (HCIR) and duration of SARS-CoV-2 positivity (at a cycle threshold value <30 as proxy for high viral load).

RESULTS:

HCIR was 59% (220 of 373), not differing by index HIV status (60% LWH vs 58% NLWH). HCIR increased with index case age (35-59 years adjusted OR [aOR], 3.4; 95% CI, 1.5-7.8 and ≥60 years aOR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.0-10.1) compared with 18-34 years and with contacts' age, 13-17 years (aOR, 7.1; 95% CI, 1.5-33.9) and 18-34 years (aOR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.0-18.4) compared with <5 years. Mean positivity was longer in cases LWH (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.4; 95% CI, .1-.9).

CONCLUSIONS:

Index HIV status was not associated with higher HCIR, but cases LWH had longer positivity duration. Adults aged >35 years were more likely to transmit and individuals aged 13-34 to be infected SARS-CoV-2 in the household. As HIV infection may increase transmission, health services must maintain HIV testing and antiretroviral therapy initiation.
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Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Infecções por HIV / COVID-19 Tipo de estudo: Risk_factors_studies Limite: Adolescent / Adult / Humans País/Região como assunto: Africa Idioma: En Revista: Clin Infect Dis Assunto da revista: DOENCAS TRANSMISSIVEIS Ano de publicação: 2023 Tipo de documento: Article País de afiliação: África do Sul

Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Infecções por HIV / COVID-19 Tipo de estudo: Risk_factors_studies Limite: Adolescent / Adult / Humans País/Região como assunto: Africa Idioma: En Revista: Clin Infect Dis Assunto da revista: DOENCAS TRANSMISSIVEIS Ano de publicação: 2023 Tipo de documento: Article País de afiliação: África do Sul