IL-6 signaling in acute exercise and chronic training: Potential consequences for health and athletic performance.
Scand J Med Sci Sports
; 33(1): 4-19, 2023 Jan.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-36168944
ABSTRACT
The cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is involved in a diverse set of physiological processes. Traditionally, IL-6 has been thought of in terms of its inflammatory actions during the acute phase response and in chronic conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and obesity. However, IL-6 is also an important signaling molecule during exercise, being acutely released from working muscle fibers with increased exercise duration, intensity, and muscle glycogen depletion. In this context, IL-6 enables muscle-organ crosstalk, facilitating a coordinated response to help maintain muscle energy homeostasis, while also having anti-inflammatory actions. The range of actions of IL-6 can be explained by its dichotomous signaling pathways. Classical signaling involves IL-6 binding to a cell-surface receptor (mbIL-6R; present on only a small number of cell types) and is the predominant signaling mechanism during exercise. Trans-signaling involves IL-6 binding to a soluble version of its receptor (sIL-6R), with the resulting complex having a much greater half-life and the ability to signal in all cell types. Trans-signaling drives the inflammatory actions of IL-6 and is the predominant pathway in disease. A single nucleotide polymorphism (rs2228145) on the IL-6R gene can modify the classical/trans-signaling balance through increasing the levels of sIL-6R. This SNP has clinical significance, having been linked to inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes, as well as to the severity of symptoms experienced with COVID-19. This review will describe how acute exercise, chronic training and the rs2228145 SNP can modify the IL-6 signaling pathway and the consequent implications for health and athletic performance.
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Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Artrite Reumatoide
/
Desempenho Atlético
/
COVID-19
Limite:
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Scand J Med Sci Sports
Assunto da revista:
MEDICINA ESPORTIVA
Ano de publicação:
2023
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Reino Unido