Losartan metabolite EXP3179 is a unique blood pressure-lowering AT1R antagonist with direct, rapid endothelium-dependent vasoactive properties.
Vascul Pharmacol
; 147: 107112, 2022 12.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-36179789
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:
Losartan is an anti-hypertensive angiotensin II (ANGII) type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker (ARB) with many unexpected therapeutic properties, even in non-blood pressure (BP)-related diseases. Administered as a prodrug, losartan undergoes serial metabolism into EXP3179, a metabolite alleged to lack AT1R-blocking properties, and EXP3174, the dominant AT1R antagonist. Having observed that losartan can decrease vascular tone in mice with low AT1R expression and inhibit Marfan aortic widening at very high doses, we investigated whether EXP3179 may have unique, AT1R-independent effects on vascular tone and endothelial function. EXPERIMENTALAPPROACH:
We compared the AT1R blocking capabilities of EXP3179 and EXP3174 using AT1R-expressing cell lines. Their BP lowering and vasoactive properties were studied in normal, hypertensive and transgenic rodents, and ex vivo wire myography. KEYRESULTS:
We observed that both EXP3179 and EXP3174 can fully block (100%) AT1R signaling in vitro and significantly decrease BP in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Only EXP3179 prevented PE-induced contraction by up to 65% (p < 0.01) in L-NAME and endothelium removal-sensitive fashion. Use of transgenic mice revealed that these effects involve the eNOS/caveolin-1 axis and the endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization factor (EDHF). CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS We provide direct structure-activity evidence that EXP3179 is a BP-lowering AT1R blocker with unique endothelial function-enhancing properties not shared with losartan or EXP3174. The major pharmacological effects of losartan in patients are therefore likely more complex than simple blockade of AT1R by EXP3174, which helps rationalize its therapeutic and prophylactic properties, especially at very high doses. Reports relying on EXP3179 as an AT1R-independent losartan analogue may require careful re-evaluation.Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Losartan
/
Bloqueadores do Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina II
Limite:
Animals
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Vascul Pharmacol
Assunto da revista:
ANGIOLOGIA
/
FARMACOLOGIA
Ano de publicação:
2022
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Canadá