Effector-Triggered Immunity.
Annu Rev Immunol
; 41: 453-481, 2023 04 26.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-36750319
ABSTRACT
The innate immune system detects pathogens via germline-encoded receptors that bind to conserved pathogen ligands called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Here we consider an additional strategy of pathogen sensing called effector-triggered immunity (ETI). ETI involves detection of pathogen-encoded virulence factors, also called effectors. Pathogens produce effectors to manipulate hosts to create a replicative niche and/or block host immunity. Unlike PAMPs, effectors are often diverse and rapidly evolving and can thus be unsuitable targets for direct detection by germline-encoded receptors. Effectors are instead often sensed indirectly via detection of their virulence activities. ETI is a viable strategy for pathogen sensing and is used across diverse phyla, including plants, but the molecular mechanisms of ETI are complex compared to simple receptor/ligand-based PAMP detection. Here we survey the mechanisms and functions of ETI, with a particular focus on emerging insights from animal studies. We suggest that many examples of ETI may remain to be discovered, hiding in plain sight throughout immunology.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Moléculas com Motivos Associados a Patógenos
/
Reconhecimento da Imunidade Inata
Limite:
Animals
/
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Annu Rev Immunol
Ano de publicação:
2023
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Estados Unidos