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The Central Role of Cytogenetics in Radiation Biology.
Bailey, Susan M; Kunkel, Stephen R; Bedford, Joel S; Cornforth, Michael N.
Afiliação
  • Bailey SM; Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.
  • Kunkel SR; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
  • Bedford JS; Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.
  • Cornforth MN; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
Radiat Res ; 202(2): 227-259, 2024 08 01.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38981612
ABSTRACT
Radiation cytogenetics has a rich history seldom appreciated by those outside the field. Early radiobiology was dominated by physics and biophysical concepts that borrowed heavily from the study of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations. From such studies, quantitative relationships between biological effect and changes in absorbed dose, dose rate and ionization density were codified into key concepts of radiobiological theory that have persisted for nearly a century. This review aims to provide a historical perspective of some of these concepts, including evidence supporting the contention that chromosome aberrations underlie development of many, if not most, of the biological effects of concern for humans exposed to ionizing radiations including cancer induction, on the one hand, and tumor eradication on the other. The significance of discoveries originating from these studies has widened and extended far beyond their original scope. Chromosome structural rearrangements viewed in mitotic cells were first attributed to the production of breaks by the radiations during interphase, followed by the rejoining or mis-rejoining among ends of other nearby breaks. These relatively modest beginnings eventually led to the discovery and characterization of DNA repair of double-strand breaks by non-homologous end joining, whose importance to various biological processes is now widely appreciated. Two examples, among many, are V(D)J recombination and speciation. Rapid technological advancements in cytogenetics, the burgeoning fields of molecular radiobiology and third-generation sequencing served as a point of confluence between the old and new. As a result, the emergent field of "cytogenomics" now becomes uniquely positioned for the purpose of more fully understanding mechanisms underlying the biological effects of ionizing radiation exposure.
Assuntos

Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Radiobiologia / Aberrações Cromossômicas / Citogenética Limite: Animals / Humans Idioma: En Revista: Radiat Res Ano de publicação: 2024 Tipo de documento: Article

Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Radiobiologia / Aberrações Cromossômicas / Citogenética Limite: Animals / Humans Idioma: En Revista: Radiat Res Ano de publicação: 2024 Tipo de documento: Article