A comprehensive investigation of dietary micronutrients intakes and the risk of alcoholic liver disease.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The investigation of dietary micronutrients intakes and the risk of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) based on observational studies was limited. OBJECTIVES: Our study aimed to explore the associations of 30 dietary micronutrients intakes with the risk of ALD, interactions between dietary micronutrients and genetic variation, and mediation effects of blood and urinary biomarkers on the associations between dietary micronutrients and the risk of ALD. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted within the UK Biobank cohort, with 231 incident ALD cases and 1,386 controls. Dietary data were collected using a dietary questionnaire that relied on a 24-hour dietary recall of the previous day. Logistic regression models were employed to assess the associations of dietary micronutrients intakes with the risk of ALD. We conducted stratified analyses on the associations between dietary micronutrients intakes and the risk of ALD by PNPLA3 rs738409 and tested the interactions between dietary micronutrients and genetic variation. In addition, we conducted mediation analyses to investigate the mediating effects of biomarkers on the associations between dietary micronutrients and the risk of ALD. RESULTS: Our findings indicated significant inverse associations of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin equivalent, pantothenic acid, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin E, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, copper, iodine, and manganese with the risk of ALD (all false discovery rate-Ptrend < 0.050). We also found a significant interaction between PNPLA3 rs738409 and magnesium (Pinteraction= 0.028). Creatinine (enzymatic) in urine, aspartate aminotransferase, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were the top three biomarkers with the highest number of significant mediation effects on the associations between the dietary micronutrients and the risk of ALD. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary intakes of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin equivalent, pantothenic acid, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin E, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, copper, iodine, and manganese were inversely associated with the risk of ALD.