Research Progress of Cyanine-based Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probes for Biological Application.

ABSTRACT

Cyanine-based near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes have played vital roles in biological application due to their low interference from background fluorescence, deep tissue penetration, high sensitivity, and minimal photodamage to biological samples. They are widely utilized in molecular recognition, medical diagnosis, biomolecular detection, and biological imaging. Herein, we provide a review of recent advancements in cyanine-based NIR fluorescent probes for the detection of pH, cells, tumor as well as their application in photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT).