[Prevention of opportunistic infections in HIV seropositive patients. Prevention of viral infections and mycoses]. / Prévention des infections opportunistes chez le sujet VIH+. Prévention des infections virales et des mycoses.

CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION: Primary prophylaxis is logical in high-risk subjects (CD4 < 50) who are asymptomatic; per os ganciclovir is under evaluation. Systematic secondary prophylaxis relies on intravenous ganciclovir or foscarnet. HERPES SIMPLEX AND ZOSTER: Secondary prevention with acyclovir is not recommended due to the risk of resistance. Herpes zoster retinitis is an absolute indication for continuous oral treatment with acyclovir. CRYPTOCOCCUS: Oral fluconazol is required for secondary prophylaxis. CANDIDIASIS: Due to the risk of resistant strains, neither primary nor secondary prophylasis is recommended. HISTIOPLASMOSIS: Risk of recurrence justifies secondary prophylaxis with itraconazole or fluconazole. COCCIDIODOMYCOSIS: Secondary prophylaxis with amphotericin B or fluconazole is mandatory. ASPERGILLOSIS: Itraconazole is the best agent when prophylaxis is needed.