Immunoregulatory effects of a nutritional preparation containing bovine lactoferrin taken orally by healthy individuals.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to monitor several immune parameters in 17 healthy volunteers taking orally commercially available capsules containing bovine lactoferrin (BLFT) for 10 days (40 mg of BLFT daily). We determined leukocyte number and content of main blood cell types, spontaneous and phytohemagglutinin A (PHA)-induced proliferation of lymphocytes, plasma levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) as well as spontaneous and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of these cytokines in peripheral blood cell cultures. All measurements were performed before, one day and 14 days following cessation of BLFT treatment. We established some, transient drop in the percentage of neutrophils accompanied by an opposite phenomenon with regard to lymphocyte levels. More profound changes were registered in the percentage of other cell types, for example a 100% increase in the level of immature cell forms (bands) was noted. At the same time the percentages of eosinophils and monocytes declined significantly. All these changes were, however, more individual and regulatory, the direction of these changes depended on initial picture of blood cells. Although the proliferative response of lymphocytes showed, on average, a transient decrease, differentiated effects of BLFT treatment were observed depending on initial ability of lymphocytes to proliferate. TNF-alpha serum levels showed a tendency to decrease during the monitoring time, the changes of IL-6 levels were, however, not significant. As in the case of the proliferative response, the treatment with BLFT was regulatory with respect to serum TNF-alpha levels. When we analyzed spontaneous and LPS-induced cytokine production in cell cultures we found that mainly the mean spontaneous response was affected (inhibition). We also observed a typical, regulatory action of BLFT on the level of spontaneously produced IL-6. This kind of regulatory action of BLFT was also found in the case of spontaneously produced TNF-alpha in cell cultures. The influence of other ingredients such as selenium or vitamins, contained in the capsules, cannot be excluded, although our latest data showed that orally taken bovine lactoferrin alone can induce identical changes as BLFT. Taken together, we revealed regulatory effects of oral treatment with commercially available capsules, containing BLFT. The results indicate that oral administration on BLFT-containing capsules may regulate some immune parameters in healthy individuals. In addition, the data suggest that bovine lactoferrin may be applied in clinic to improve the immune status of patients.