Hippocampal Subfield Volumes in Amateur Marathon Runners.

PURPOSE: Numerous studies have implicated the involvement of structure and function of the hippocampus in physical exercise, and the larger hippocampal volume is one of the relevant benefits reported in exercise. It remains to be determined how the different subfields of hippocampus respond to physical exercise. METHODS: A 3D T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was acquired in 73 amateur marathon runners (AMR) and 52 healthy controls (HC) matched with age, sex, and education. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Fatigue Severity Scale were assessed in all participants. We obtained hippocampal subfield volumes using FreeSurfer 6.0. We compared the volumes of the hippocampal subfield between the two groups and ascertained correlation between the significant subfield metrics and the significant behavioral measure in AMR group. RESULTS: The AMR had significantly better sleep than HC, manifested as with lower score of PSQI. Sleep duration in AMR and HC was not significantly different from each other. In the AMR group, the left and right hippocampus, cornu ammonis 1 (CA1), CA4, granule cell and molecular layers of the dentate gyrus, molecular layer, left CA2-3, and left hippocampal-amygdaloid transition area volumes were significantly larger compared with those in the HC group. In AMR group, the correlations between the PSQI and the hippocampal subfield volumes were not significant. No correlations were found between hippocampal subfield volumes and sleep duration in AMR group. CONCLUSIONS: We reported larger volumes of specific hippocampal subfields in AMR, which may provide a hippocampal volumetric reserve that protects against age-related hippocampal deterioration. These findings should be further investigated in longitudinal studies.

Reduced myocardial strain of interventricular septum among male amateur marathon runners: a cardiac magnetic resonance study.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the long-term effect of multiple marathons on cardiac structure and function in amateur marathon runners compared with healthy controls. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study using male amateur marathon runners (n = 32) and age-matched cohort of male healthy controls (n = 12). METHODS: A total of 32 male amateur marathon runners (age 44 ±â€¯7 years) and 12 male healthy controls (age 42 ±â€¯8 years) underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). The relevant parameters of cardiac structure and function were studied employing feature-tracking strain analysis. RESULTS: Amateur marathon runners showed lower heart rates, body mass index and body surface area. The left ventricular (LV) mass index, LV end-diastolic volume index and right ventricular end-systolic volume index were significantly higher in amateur marathon runners compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, walls of interventricular septum (IVS) in amateur marathon runners were thicker than healthy controls. There was no significant difference between two groups in the global myocardial strain (MS) in LV. However, the segmental radial and circumferential strains of the LV were lower in amateur marathon runners compared to healthy controls, specifically in the 8th and 9th segments. Finally, we also found as the total running intensity increased, so did global longitudinal strain. CONCLUSIONS: We reported higher wall thickness and lower regional radial and circumferential strain in the IVS region in amateur marathon runners, suggesting that prolonged and high-intensity exercise may cause cardiac remodeling. Further studies are needed to investigate whether this is an adaptive or maladaptive change in amateur marathon runners.

Reduction-active Fe3O4-loaded micelles with aggregation- enhanced MRI contrast for differential diagnosis of Neroglioma.

Differential diagnosis between inflammatory mass and malignant glioma is of great significance to patients, which is the basis for developing accurate individualized treatment. Due to the lack of non-invasive imaging characterization methods in the clinical application, the current diagnosis grading of glioma mainly depended on the pathological biopsy, which is complicated and risky. This study aims to develop a non-invasive imaging differential diagnosis method of glioma based on the reduction activated strategy of intracellular aggregation of sensitive superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (SIONPs). In vitro and in vivo magnetic resonance imaging results indicated that SIONPs could specifically increase the T2 relaxation rate and enhance MR imaging in tumor with redox microenvironment by the response-aggregation in the tumorous site. In vivo experiments also demonstrate that the substantial improvement of T2-weighted imaging contrast could be used to differentiate inflammatory mass and malignant glioma. The reduction-active MR imaging contrast agent offers a new paradigm for designing "smart" MR imaging probes of differential diagnosis of the tumor.

Effect of Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) Surface Density on the Fate and Antitumor Efficacy of Redox-Sensitive Hybrid Nanoparticles.

The effects of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) on improving the biological compatibility and circulation time of nanocarriers are determined by the surface density of PEG on nanoparticles. PEG with high surface density on nanocarriers has greater accumulation in tumor tissues. However, this impairs the release of drugs loaded in the nanoparticles in the tumor tissues. The relations and internal regularities between the controlled stripping of PEG of nanoparticles and its fate and antitumor efficacy in vivo remain unsolved. Redox-sensitive hybrid nanoparticles coated with varied PEG densities were prepared by blending a redox-sensitive polymer of DLPE-SS-MPEG. To keep identical nanoproperties, these nanoparticles were prepared with a similar size distribution of around 100 nm. The effects of controlled stripping of PEG on antitumor activities of nanoparticles were then investigated. As the PEG surface density increased, lower cellular internalization by tumor cells was observed. However, nanoparticles with higher controlled stripping of PEG showed greater accumulation in tumor tissues and advanced antitumor activities in vivo.