Vitamin D3 supplementation had no benefits in patients with metabolic syndrome and vitamin D deficiency: A pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency has been observed in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study evaluated the effects of vitamin D supplementation in patients with MetS and vitamin D deficiency. METHODS: Vitamin D3 supplementation was performed in patients with MetS and 25(OH)D levels ≤20 ng/mL arranged in two phases. The first phase corresponded to 50,000 IU/week for eight weeks, and the second phase was 7000 IU/week for twelve weeks. RESULTS: The 20-week intervention resulted in an increment of 14.3 ng/mL of 25(OH)D. HbA1c showed a reduction of 0.69% (95% CI [-1.16, -0.21], p = 0.005); however, the triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, and waist circumference were not responsive to supplementation. CONCLUSION: Vitamin D3 supplementation did not favor the MetS components.

Zinc Status Biomarkers and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Metabolic Syndrome: A Case Control Study.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) involves pathophysiological alterations that might compromise zinc status. The aim of this study was to evaluate zinc status biomarkers and their associations with cardiometabolic factors in patients with MS. Our case control study included 88 patients with MS and 37 controls. We performed clinical and anthropometric assessments and obtained lipid, glycemic, and inflammatory profiles. We also evaluated zinc intake, plasma zinc, erythrocyte zinc, and 24-h urinary zinc excretion. The average zinc intake was significantly lower in the MS group (p < 0.001). Regression models indicated no significant differences in plasma zinc concentration (all p > 0.05) between the two groups. We found significantly higher erythrocyte zinc concentration in the MS group (p < 0.001) independent from co-variable adjustments. Twenty-four hour urinary zinc excretion was significantly higher in the MS group (p = 0.008), and adjustments for age and sex explained 21% of the difference (R² = 0.21, p < 0.001). There were significant associations between zincuria and fasting blood glucose concentration (r = 0.479), waist circumference (r = 0.253), triglyceride concentration (r = 0.360), glycated hemoglobin concentration (r = 0.250), homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (r = 0.223), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentration (r = 0.427) (all p < 0.05) in the MS group. Patients with MS had alterations in zinc metabolism mainly characterized by an increase in erythrocyte zinc and higher zincuria.