[Optimization of the drug treatment of hypertension]. / Optimizatsiia medikamentoznogo lecheniia gipertonicheskoi bolezni.

The disclosure of clinico-pathogenetic variants of hypertensive disease led to the development of differentiated therapy. The use of mathematical methods of estimating the treatment schedule with dynamic control and correction (optimization) is very useful in differentiated therapy; with this technique the important principle of treatment, individualization, is applied most adequately. The main principles of conducting optimized therapy are discussed and the fields in which its use is most expedient are indicated. Some results gained by clinics carrying out research in this direction are discussed.

[Variants of chronic heart failure in ischemic heart disease patients and optimization of their treatment]. / Varianty khronicheskoi serdechnoi nedostatochnosti u bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa i optimizatsiia ikh lecheniia.

Computer-assisted classification of hemodynamic data was performed in 172 patients with coronary heart disease aggravated by chronic heart failure. Six groups of patients have been identified, and an individual treatment algorithm has been proposed for each of those. The use of optimum individual treatment schedules has produced good or satisfactory clinical effect in 87.3%.

[The chalone-antichalone system, and mechanisms regulating granulocytopoiesis]. / Keilonno-antikeilonnaia sistema i mekhanizmy reguliatsii granulotsitopoéza.

The normal physiological balance between granylocytic chalone and antichalone is shown to be significantly upset where an inflammatory focus is present, with segmented neutrophils activated by cell breakdown products producing, for the most part, a stimulator of cell proliferation. It is also shown that the production of tissue-specific regulators in inflammation depends on the functional state of the entire mature neutrophil pool. The mechanisms of intrasystemic granulocytopoiesis regulation have been unraveled.

[Measurement of peripheral venous pressure using Doppler ultrasound]. / Izmerenie davleniia v perifericheskikh venakh s ispol'zovaniem ul'trazvukovogo dopplerovskogo metoda.

A method for determining peripheral venous pressure in the cubital vein by means of dopplerography is described. Fifty-four subjects (12 normal subjects, 19 hypertensive patients and 23 coronary patients) have been investigated. Patients with cardiovascular diseases showed somewhat increased peripheral venous pressure. The method is simple, non-invasive, it permits continuous monitoring of pressure in a major, easily-accessible vein and is not time-consuming.

[Determination of the blood flow rate in the arteries and veins and its clinical significance]. / Opredelenie skorosti krovotoka v arteriiakh i venakh i ego klinicheskoe znachenie.

A noninvasive ultrasonic method (a two-beam Doppler meter with separation of the direction) is suggested for quantitative assessment of localized disorders of hemodynamics of arterial blood flow and venous blood outflow. The authors measured the maximum and mean blood flow rate in the aorta and larger arteries and veins of 23 healthy persons and 94 patients with hypertensive disease, ischemic heart disease, and mitral valvular diseases. Experiments were conducted with measurement of the blood flow rate in the aorta, vena cava superior and pulmonary artery in dogs and the normal values were determined. A decrease in the rate of the blood flow in vessels in the diseases mentioned above, especially in circulatory insufficiency, was found, as well as local asymmetry.

[Clinical importance of studying intracardiac hemodynamics by recording local precardiac rheograms]. / Klinicheskoe znachenie izucheniia vnutriserdechnoi gemodinamiki s pomoshch'iu registratsii lokal'nykh prekardial'nykh reogramm.

A high-frequency rheograph equipped with ceramic electrodes was used for recording local rheograms of the heart. The ventricular curves were recorded at points corresponding to the projections of the ventricles and the vascular curves, at the projection of the vessels. The parameters characterizing the condition of intracardiac hemodynamics in 40 healthy persons and in 50 patients with mitral valvular disease were determined. Changes were demonstrated which may be valuable in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of heart diseases.

[Use of an additionally intensified ECG in diagnosing ischemic heart disease]. / Primenenie dopolnitel'no usilennoi EKG v diagnostike ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa.

The article deals with the use of the additionally intensified ECG while conducting the bicycle ergometric test in 92 patients with coronary heart disease. It has been shown that when additionally intensified ECG is combined with bicycle ergometry the use of such parameters as the value of ST segment depression and the average rate of ST integral increases the resolving capacity of the technique. In patients with a positive result of the test according to the criterion of ST segment depression (0.1 mV or more), the ischemic changes on the additionally intensified ECG are determined one grade earlier than the threshold exercise and precede the anginal attack. In patients with an anginal attack without diagnostically significant changes on the ECG during 1 mV = 10 mm intensification, the employment of additionally intensified ECG makes it possible to identify the ischemic changes and confirm the pain attack by objective findings.

[Results of automatic screening for ischemic heart disease and arterial hypertension among the rural population]. / Rezul'taty avtomatizirovannogo vyiavleniia ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa i arterial'noi gipertonii sredi sel'skogo naseleniia.

The results of automated screening for coronary disease and arterial hypertension within large-scale preventive checkups of rural populations are reported. A system was developed, on the basis of Rose's questionnaire and the Minnesota Code, for the assessment of resting ECG, using a remote-control advisory panel and new mini-computers of domestic manufacture. A total of 6133 residents from several districts were examined. The efficiency and quality of the operation of the automated screening system was assessed. The use of automated data collection and analysis in conditions of large-scale preventive checkups was shown to be an important contribution towards the objective of universal preventive medical examinations of the population, rural population in particular.

[Possibilities of the automatic data processing in differential diagnosis of arteriosclerotic cardiosclerosis and rheumatic heart disease complicated by auricular fibrillation]. / O vozmozhnosti avtomatizarsii protsessa differentsial'noi diagnostiki ateroskleroticheskogo kardioskleroza i revmaticheskikh porokov serdtsa, oslozhnennykh mertsatel'noi aritmiei.

The possibility of applying some mathematical methods for automating the process of differential diagnosis between atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis and rheumatic heart diseases complicated by auricular fibrillation, based on employing computing technique in processing the cardiointervalographic findings, is discussed. The processing of cardiointervalograms taken in 2 groups of patients with diseases in question (totaling 49 persons) aged over 45 evidenced that in the differential diagnosis mathematical expectation and dispersion of the R-R intervals duration are most informative signs. It is shown that for the purpose of automatic diagnosis of atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis and rheumatic heart diseases complicated by auricular fibrillation with the method under discussion the sufficient length of cardiointervalograms equals 130--150 R--R-intervals.

[Possibilities of utilizing integral topography, vectorometry and spectral analysis of the complexograms for the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease]. / Vozmozhnosti ispol'zovaniia integral'noi topografii, vektorometrii i spektral'nogo analiza kompleksogramm dlia diagnostiki ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa.

Three approaches to the study of electric and mechanical heart activity were used, which were significant in the diagnosis of various variants of ischemic heart disease. The method of integral topography proved most applicable in the diagnosis of microfocal myocardial infarction. Infarctions which were marked by a typical clinical picture and the corresponding laboratory data (changes in enzymes, leukocytosis, etc)., but could not be sufficiently revealed in the commonly applied 12 leads of the ECG, were successfully identified due to changes in the ST--T zones of the topogram. In the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease attended with disorders of hemodynamics it is advisable to apply the histogram method of identification on the basis of spectral analysis of the complexograms, ballistocardiograms, arteriovenous pulsograms, and phonooscillograms. This method may also be used to assess the stage of circulatory insufficiency. In preventive examination for detecting ischemic heart disease, its painless variants in particular, it is advantageous to use the method of vectorometry of the ECG in in orthogonal leads with the subsequent solution of the diagnostic discrimination polynomials on a computer.

[The excretion of intrasystemic regulators of granulocytopoiesis and the causes producing its alteration]. / Ekskretsiia vnutrisistemnykh reguliatorov granulotsitopoéza i prichiny, vyzyvaiushchie ee izmeneniia.

Changes in the excretion of tissue-specific inhibitor and myelopoiesis stimulator (chalone and antichalone) by the mature neutrophils in respect to intracellular concentration interactions and the presence of products of autologous cells splitting, were studied on the models in vivo and in vitro.

[The role of granulocytic chalone and antichalone in regulating granulocytopoiesis under stress]. / Rol' granulotsitarnogo keilona i antikeilona v reguliatsii granulotsitopoéza pri stresse.

The experiments on rats have shown that immobilization stress induces a prolonged increase of the activity in the blood serum of tissue-specific granulocytopoiesis stimulator--granulocytic antichalone.