Characterization of Risk Factors Affecting the Recurrence of Perianal Abscesses and Complications.

BACKGROUND: Perianal abscess is a common condition among adults. The treatment of choice includes early and efficient drainage. The data regarding risk factors for abscess recurrence, fistula formation, and complications are limited as recent publications mainly focus on patients with inflammatory bowel disease. OBJECTIVES: To determine risk factors for abscess recurrence and fistula formation with regard to patient and surgical characteristics. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on patients who presented to the emergency department and were diagnosed with perianal abscess between 2011-2020. RESULTS: We included 983 consecutive patients; 741 men, average age 43 years. Recurrence was documented in 434 cases. Crohn's disease was reported in 70, of which 50 had recurrent episodes (P < 0.0001); 121 of the 234 patients who smoked had recurrence (P = 0.0078); 8% had short symptomatic period (< 24 hours), which was a predisposing factor for recurrence, P < 0.0001. Patients in the non-recurrent group waited 2.53 hours less for surgical intervention (P < 0.0005(. The average time for recurrent episode was 18.95 ± 33.7 months. Fistula was diagnosed in 16.9% of all cases, while 11.6% were within the recurrent group. Surgical expertise of the physician did not significantly change the recurrence rate. CONCLUSIONS: Crohn's disease and smoking were the only significant risk factors for recurrence of perianal abscess. Timely intervention and drainage of sepsis should not be delayed. Involvement of more experienced surgeons did not seem to alter the natural history of the disease.

Laparoscopic retrieval of a fishbone migrating from the stomach causing a liver abscess: Report of case and literature review.

Ingestion of foreign bodies (FBs) is a common misfortune worldwide. Fishbone migration from the gastrointestinal tract into the liver is an unusual cause of liver abscess. We present a 66-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department with epigastric pain, with no other relevant anamnestic details. Computed tomography scan revealed a liver abscess, secondary to stomach perforation from a long, sharp object. Diagnostic laparoscopy revealed a fishbone protruding from the left lobe of the liver. The FB was extracted and the liver abscess incised and drained laparoscopically with no operative and post-operative complications. Migration of FB into the liver is a rare occurrence. Treatment of such liver abscess must include the extraction of the FB. Laparoscopy in these cases is feasible and safe and may prevent unnecessary exploratory laparotomy.

Gender differences in response to abdominal compartment syndrome in rats.

OBJECTIVE: Our study aims to emphasize the novelty of female rats in regard to their hemodynamic changes in response to abdominal compartment syndrome. A group of 64 rats was randomly divided into 4 subgroups for each gender. Except for the control, intra-abdominal pressure was increased to 10, 20, 30 mmHg. Survival time, mean arterial pressure, pH and lactate were determined at different time intervals. RESULTS: As IAP was 20 mmHg, a statistically difference was seen between the male group and the female group starting from 15 min (126 ± 9.7 mmHg, 124 ± 14.7 mmHg respectively, p < 0.02) and lasting 2 h. At 30 mmHg, a statistically difference was seen between 30 to 60 min (p < 0.05). Only group 2 presented results with statistical power both at 30 and at 60 min concerning pH (p = 0.003, p < 0.001 respectively). In the lactate measurements at IAP of 10 mmHg, at 60 min male lactate level was 3.93 ± 1.13 and 2.25 ± 0.33 in female rats (p = 0.034). Female rats that were subjected to IAP of 20 mmHg and 30 mmHg had significantly better survival than male rats that were subjected to the same pressure (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). We concluded that female rats have better preserved their hemodynamic and metabolic parameters during ACS than male rats.

Physiological parameters for Prognosis in Abdominal Sepsis (PIPAS) Study: a WSES observational study.

Background: Timing and adequacy of peritoneal source control are the most important pillars in the management of patients with acute peritonitis. Therefore, early prognostic evaluation of acute peritonitis is paramount to assess the severity and establish a prompt and appropriate treatment. The objectives of this study were to identify clinical and laboratory predictors for in-hospital mortality in patients with acute peritonitis and to develop a warning score system, based on easily recognizable and assessable variables, globally accepted. Methods: This worldwide multicentre observational study included 153 surgical departments across 56 countries over a 4-month study period between February 1, 2018, and May 31, 2018. Results: A total of 3137 patients were included, with 1815 (57.9%) men and 1322 (42.1%) women, with a median age of 47 years (interquartile range [IQR] 28-66). The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 8.9%, with a median length of stay of 6 days (IQR 4-10). Using multivariable logistic regression, independent variables associated with in-hospital mortality were identified: age > 80 years, malignancy, severe cardiovascular disease, severe chronic kidney disease, respiratory rate ≥ 22 breaths/min, systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg, AVPU responsiveness scale (voice and unresponsive), blood oxygen saturation level (SpO2) < 90% in air, platelet count < 50,000 cells/mm3, and lactate > 4 mmol/l. These variables were used to create the PIPAS Severity Score, a bedside early warning score for patients with acute peritonitis. The overall mortality was 2.9% for patients who had scores of 0-1, 22.7% for those who had scores of 2-3, 46.8% for those who had scores of 4-5, and 86.7% for those who have scores of 7-8. Conclusions: The simple PIPAS Severity Score can be used on a global level and can help clinicians to identify patients at high risk for treatment failure and mortality.