RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Operative vaginal birth represents an alternative to address problems during the second stage of labor. Obstetricians have access to three different instruments: forceps, vacuum, and spatulas. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the use of spatulas for operative vaginal birth. SEARCH STRATEGY: MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, LILACS, SciELO, ClinicalTrials.gov, and OpenGrey. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled studies and non-randomized controlled studies (NRS) were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Studies were independently assessed for inclusion, data extraction, and risk of bias. MAIN RESULTS: Nine NRS (n = 16 497 women) compared the use of spatulas versus forceps. Low-certainty evidence suggests that spatulas were not different in terms of failed operative vaginal delivery rate (odds ratio [OR] 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.53-1.52), but may decrease the incidence of birth canal trauma (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.54-0.91), birth canal laceration (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.28-0.91), and neonatal soft-tissue injury (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.13-0.29). Six NRS (n = 2992 women) compared the use of spatulas versus vacuum. Low-quality evidence suggests that spatulas may decrease failed operative vaginal delivery rate (OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.04-0.26). There were no apparent differences in other maternal and neonatal outcomes. CONCLUSION: Low-certainty evidence suggests that spatulas could be a safe and effective alternative for operative vaginal birth.
Asunto(s)
Laceraciones , Enfermedades Vaginales , Parto Obstétrico , Femenino , Humanos , Parto , Embarazo , Instrumentos QuirúrgicosRESUMEN
Objective: To review the concepts underlying breech presentation delivery as well as the semiology and the obstetric maneuvers contributing to a successful perinatal maternal outcome. Materials and methods: Based on a hypothetical scenario to set the stage for a practical approach to the topic, an explanatory paper built on a narrative review is created in order to examine the principles related to diagnosis, mechanism of delivery and maternal care, emphasizing maneuvers to ease fetal extraction. Results: Breech presentation delivery must be managed through the vaginal canal when already in the expulsion phase with fetal engagement. For diagnosis and care, it is essential to know the unique semiology and physiology of this condition as well as the obstetric maneuvers to facilitate an uncomplicated delivery. Results: The mechanism of childbirth in breech presentation is complex and requires knowledge of its physiology and multiple obstetric maneuvers on the part of the obstetrician as well as the general practitioner, in order to ensure adequate care when there is no other option.
TITULO: ATENCIÓN DEL PARTO CON FETO EN PRESENTACIÓN PELVIANA: REVISIÓN DE LA SEMIOLOGÍA, EL MECANISMO Y LA ATENCIÓN DEL PARTO. Objetivo: Revisar los conceptos que subyacen al trabajo de parto con feto en presentación pelviana, su semiología y las maniobras obstétricas que facilitan un resultado materno perinatal exitoso. Materiales y métodos: A partir de un caso hipotético que ambienta de manera práctica el tema, se crea un documento explicativo construido a partir de una revisión narrativa, en donde se examinan los preceptos relacionados con el diagnóstico, el mecanismo del parto en presentación pelviana y el manejo intraparto de la gestante, con énfasis en la adecuada ejecución de las maniobras que facilitan la extracción fetal. Resultados: El parto en presentación pelviana debe ser atendido por vía vaginal cuando se encuentra en periodo expulsivo con encajamiento cumplido. Para su diagnóstico y atención es esencial hacer una adecuada identificación de la presentación, así como conocer su fisiología, la indicación y adecuada ejecución de las maniobras obstétricas que facilitan un parto sin complicaciones. Resultados: El mecanismo del parto en presentación pelviana es complejo y requiere, cuando no hay otra alternativa para la atención, que tanto el obstetra como el médico general conozcan su fisiología y las múltiples maniobras obstétricas que facilitan obtener buen resultado materno perinatal.
Asunto(s)
Presentación de Nalgas , Parto Obstétrico/métodos , Resultado del Embarazo , Distocia/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Complicaciones del Trabajo de Parto/etiología , EmbarazoRESUMEN
Metabolic changes have been correlated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The aim of the present study is to determine the TyG and TG/HDL-c indices in a cohort of healthy pregnant (n = 142), preeclamptic (n = 18), and healthy nonpregnant women (n = 56). Preeclamptic women were selected from the same cohort. Pregnant women were followed during three periods of pregnancy and postpartum. The results showed a significant increase in the values of TyG and TG/HDL-c (p < 0.01) as pregnancy progresses, without significant differences between healthy and preeclamptic women. TyG and TG/HDL-c indices are significantly low in nonpregnant and three months' postpartum women when compared with each gestational period studied. TyG and TG/HDL-c indices are positively correlated with HOMA-IR in the early and middle pregnancy (p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression using the TyG and TG/HDL-c indices as dependent variables showed that TyG index was significantly associated with HOMA-IR, gestational age, HDL-c, TC, LDL, fasting insulin, and mean BP (p < 0.001); meanwhile, TG/HDL-c index was only associated with HOMA-IR (p < 0.0242) and gestational age (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the TyG and TG/HDL-c indices could be useful in monitoring insulin resistance during pregnancy.
Asunto(s)
Presentación de Nalgas , Parto Obstétrico/métodos , Resultado del Embarazo , Femenino , Humanos , EmbarazoRESUMEN
RESUMEN Objetivo: revisar los conceptos que subyacen al trabajo de parto con feto en presentación pelviana, su semiología y las maniobras obstétricas que facilitan un resultado materno perinatal exitoso. Materiales y métodos: a partir de un caso hipotético que ambienta de manera práctica el tema, se crea un documento explicativo construido a partir de una revisión narrativa, en donde se examinan los preceptos relacionados con el diagnóstico, el mecanismo del parto en presentación pelviana y el manejo intraparto de la gestante, con énfasis en la adecuada ejecución de las maniobras que facilitan la extracción fetal. Resultados: el parto en presentación pelviana debe ser atendido por vía vaginal cuando se encuentra en periodo expulsivo con encajamiento cumplido. Para su diagnóstico y atención es esencial hacer una adecuada identificación de la presentación, así como conocer su fisiología, la indicación y adecuada ejecución de las maniobras obstétricas que facilitan un parto sin complicaciones. Conclusiones: el mecanismo del parto en presentación pelviana es complejo y requiere, cuando no hay otra alternativa para la atención, que tanto el obstetra como el médico general conozcan su fisiología y las múltiples maniobras obstétricas que facilitan obtener buen resultado materno perinatal.
ABSTRACT Objective: To review the concepts underlying breech presentation delivery as well as the semiology and the obstetric maneuvers contributing to a successful perinatal maternal outcome. Materials and methods: Based on a hypothetical scenario to set the stage for a practical approach to the topic, an explanatory paper built on a narrative review is created in order to examine the principles related to diagnosis, mechanism of delivery and maternal care, emphasizing maneuvers to ease fetal extraction. Results: Breech presentation delivery must be managed through the vaginal canal when already in the expulsion phase with fetal engagement. For diagnosis and care, it is essential to know the unique semiology and physiology of this condition as well as the obstetric maneuvers to facilitate an uncomplicated delivery. Conclusions: The mechanism of childbirth in breech presentation is complex and requires knowledge of its physiology and multiple obstetric maneuvers on the part of the obstetrician as well as the general practitioner, in order to ensure adequate care when there is no other option.