RESUMEN
In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Sinha et al. describe their randomized trial assessing whether antibiotics given for maternal benefit prior to Cesarean disrupted the infants' microbiomes. Despite pre-incision antibiotics reaching the neonate, there was no meaningful alteration to the infant microbiome-especially when compared with breastmilk feeding.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Cesárea , Microbiota , Humanos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Femenino , Recién Nacido , Microbiota/efectos de los fármacos , Embarazo , Lactante , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Lactancia MaternaRESUMEN
At the dawn of the twentieth century, the medical care of mothers and children was largely relegated to family members and informally trained birth attendants. As the industrial era progressed, early and key public health observations among women and children linked the persistence of adverse health outcomes to poverty and poor nutrition. In the time hence, numerous studies connecting genetics ("nature") to public health and epidemiologic data on the role of the environment ("nurture") have yielded insights into the importance of early life exposures in relation to the occurrence of common diseases, such as diabetes, allergic and atopic disease, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. As a result of these parallel efforts in science, medicine, and public health, the developing brain, immune system, and metabolic physiology are now recognized as being particularly vulnerable to poor nutrition and stressful environments from the start of pregnancy to 3 years of age. In particular, compelling evidence arising from a diverse array of studies across mammalian lineages suggest that modifications to our metagenome and/or microbiome occur following certain environmental exposures during pregnancy and lactation, which in turn render risk of childhood and adult diseases. In this review, we will consider the evidence suggesting that development of the offspring microbiome may be vulnerable to maternal exposures, including an analysis of the data regarding the presence or absence of a low-biomass intrauterine microbiome.
Asunto(s)
Microbiota , Adulto , Animales , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Exposición Materna/efectos adversos , Madres , Obesidad , EmbarazoRESUMEN
The role of electric fields in important biological processes such as binding and catalysis has been studied almost exclusively by computational methods. Experimental measurements of the local electric field in macromolecules are possible using suitably calibrated vibrational probes. Here we demonstrate that the vibrational transitions of phosphate groups are highly sensitive to an electric field and show how that sensitivity can be quantified, allowing electric field measurements to be made in phosphate-containing biological systems without chemical modification.
Asunto(s)
Fosfatos/química , Electricidad , Modelos Moleculares , Fosfolípidos/química , Espectrofotometría Infrarroja , Agua/químicaRESUMEN
Bacteriophages shape bacterial ecosystems, including community membership and their metabolic function. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Mirzaei et al. (2020) identify harbored bacteriophages among a Proteobacteria-dominant community unique to toddlers with stunted growth from Bangladesh, and that confer the capacity to similarly tailor microbiota profiles in vitro.