Quality of Life, BMI, and Physical Activity in Bariatric Surgery Patients: a Structural Equation Model.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to use a structural equation model to clarify how physical activity (PA), sex, and BMI relate to quality of life (QoL) of post-bariatric surgery patients. METHODS: The study had a retrospective cohort design for a convenience sample population of 886 bariatric subjects (38 ± 8.49 years). QoL was assessed using World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF, PA using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and BMI values were calculated. Structural equation analysis was conducted in Mplus. RESULTS: The physical domain presented positive relationships with BMI (p = 0.014) and the very active group and negative with the insufficiently active A and B groups and sex (p < 0.001). The psychological domain presented negative associations with BMI and the very active group and positive with the insufficiently active A group. The social relations domain presented negative associations with BMI (p < 0.009) and the very active group (p < 0.002) and positive with the insufficiently active A (p < 0.007) and B (p < 0.019) groups. The environmental domain was negatively associated with BMI (p < 0.004) and the very active group (p < 0.001) and positively with the insufficiently active B group (p < 0.049) and sex (p < 0.018). CONCLUSION: BMI is a negative predictor of QoL in bariatric patients and this trend was not observed in the physical domain only; also, the very active group was negatively associated with QoL. We believe that distortions in body weight/body size extend to PA, and research is needed to explore the psychological factors underlying the overestimation of the amount of PA performed.

COMPARAÇÃO DOS NÍVEIS DE APTIDÃO FÍSICA ENTRE HIPERTENSOS E NORMOTENSOS / COMPARISON OF LEVELS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS BETWEEN HYPERTENSIVE AND NORMOTENSIVE INDIVIDUALS / COMPARACIÓN DE LOS NIVELES DE APTITUD FÍSICA ENTRE HIPERTENSOS Y NORMOTENSOS

RESUMO Introdução: A hipertensão arterial é um fator de risco de maior importância para morbidade e mortalidade causadas por doenças cardiovasculares. Estudos apontam relação inversa entre taxa de mortalidade e nível de aptidão física. Objetivo: Verificar se existe diferença na aptidão física entre hipertensos e normotensos e se existe efeito da prática regular de atividade física sobre a aptidão física em hipertensos similar às encontradas em normotensos. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 214 mulheres (≥ 40 anos), que fizeram parte, por seis meses, de um programa de atividade física. Todas foram submetidas a uma avaliação antropométrica e avaliação da aptidão física (AAHPERD) . Resultados: Hipertensos têm condição inicial pior com relação a agilidade (GH média inicial= 24,2 ± 0,4 seg. e GN= 20,9 ± 0,8 seg., p < 0,01), coordenação (GH média inicial = 17,5 ± 0,7 seg. e GN média inicial = 11,5 ± 1,2 seg., p < 0,01) e resistência aeróbica (GH média inicial = 568,5 ± 12,2 seg. e GN média inicial = 506,8 ± 21,7 seg., p < 0,02). Após seis meses de prática de atividade física regular, os indivíduos hipertensos continuam apresentando resultados piores quanto a agilidade, coordenação e resistência aeróbica (GH média 6 meses = 22,9 ± 0,4 seg. e GN média 6 meses = 19,97 ± 0,7 seg., p < 0,01; GH 6 meses = 16,1 ± 0,7 seg. e GN 6 meses= 10,6 ± 1,3 seg., p < 0,01; GH 6 meses = 498,9 ± 20,2 seg. e GN 6 meses = 555,7 ± 11,4 segundos, p < 0,02, respectivamente) . Conclusão: Hipertensos apresentam piores níveis de aptidão física comparados aos normotensos, e a prática de atividade física durante o período de seis meses não foi suficiente para diminuir a diferença entre esses grupos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Hypertension is a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality caused by cardiovascular diseases. Studies indicate an inverse relationship between mortality rate and physical fitness level. Objective: To determine if there are differences in physical fitness between hypertensive and normotensive individuals and whether there is an effect of regular physical activity on physical fitness in hypertensive similar to that found in normotensive individuals. Methods: The study included 214 women (≥ 40 years), who were part of a physical activity program for 6 months. All subjects were submitted to an anthropometric and physical fitness assessment (AAHPERD) . Results: Hypertensive individuals have a worse initial condition in relation to agility (GH initial mean = 24.2 ± 0.4 sec. and GN = 20.9 ± 0.8 sec., p<0.01), coordination (GH initial mean = 17.5 ± 0.7 sec. and GN initial mean = 11.5 ± 1.2 sec., p<0.01) and aerobic endurance (GH initial mean = 568.5 ± 12.2 sec. and GN initial mean = 506.8 ± 21.7 sec., p<0.02). After 6 months of regular physical practice, hypertensive individuals continued to present worse results regarding agility, coordination and aerobic endurance (mean GH 6 months = 22.9 ± 0.4 sec. and mean GN 6 months = 19.97 ± 0.7 seconds; p<0.01; GH 6 months = 16.1 ± 0.7 sec and GN 6 months = 10.6 ± 1.3 seconds, p<0.01; GH 6 months = 498.9 ± 20.2 sec, and GN 6 months = 555.7 ± 11.4 seconds p<0.02, respectively). Conclusion: Hypertensive individuals have worse levels of physical fitness compared to normotensive and the practice of physical activity during the six-month period was not enough to decrease the difference between groups.

RESUMEN Introducción: La hipertensión es un factor de riesgo de gran importancia para la morbilidad y la mortalidad causadas por enfermedades cardiovasculares. Los estudios muestran una relación inversa entre la tasa de mortalidad y el nivel de aptitud física. Objetivo: Determinar si existen diferencias en la aptitud física entre hipertensos y normotensos y se hay un efecto de la actividad física regular en la aptitud física en pacientes hipertensos similar al que se encuentran en sujetos normotensos. Métodos: Participaron del estudio 214 mujeres (≥ 40 años), que participaron durante seis meses de un programa de actividad física. Todas fueron sometidas a evaluación antropométrica y evaluación de la aptitud física (AAHPERD). Resultados: Los sujetos hipertensos tienen peor estado inicial, con respecto a la velocidad (GH promedio inicial = 24,2 ± 0,4 seg. y GN = 20,9 ± 0,8 seg., p < 0,01), la coordinación (GH promedio inicial = 17,5 ± 0,7 seg. y GN promedio inicial = 11,5 ± 1,2 seg., p < 0,01) y la resistencia aeróbica (GH promedio inicial = 568,5 ± 12,2 seg. y GN promedio inicial = 506,8 ± 21,7 seg., p < 0,02). Después de seis meses de actividad física regular, los individuos hipertensos siguen teniendo peores resultados con respecto a la agilidad, coordinación y resistencia aeróbica (GH 6 meses promedio = 22,9 ± 0,4 seg. y GN 6 meses promedio = 19,97 ± 0,7 seg., p < 0,01; GH 6 meses = 16,1 ± 0,7 seg. y GN 6 meses = 10,6 ± 1,3 seg., p < 0,01; GH 6 meses = 498,9 ± 20,2 seg. y GN 6 meses = 555,7 ± 11,4 seg., p < 0,02, respectivamente). Conclusión: Los hipertensos tienen niveles de aptitud física peores en comparación con los normotensos y la práctica de la actividad física durante el período de seis meses no fue suficiente para disminuir la diferencia entre los grupos.

Exercise test and glucose homeostasis in rats treated with alloxan during the neonatal period or fed a high calorie diet.

BACKGROUND: Animal models appear well-suited for studies into the role of exercise in the prevention of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The aim of the present study was to analyze glucose homeostasis and blood lactate during an exercise swimming test in rats treated with alloxan during the neonatal period and/or fed a high calorie diet from weaning onwards. METHODS: Rats were injected with alloxan (200 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle (citrate buffer) at 6 days of age. After weaning, rats were divided into four groups and fed either a balanced diet or a high-caloric diet as follows: C, control group (vehicle + normal diet); A, alloxan-treated rats fed the normal diet; H, vehicle-treated rats fed the high-caloric diet; and HA, alloxan-treated rats fed the high-caloric diet. RESULTS: Fasting serum glucose levels were higher in groups A and AH compared with the control group. The Homeostatic Model Assessment index varied in the groups as follows: H>A>HA = C. There were no differences in free fatty acids or blood lactate concentrations during the swim test. CONCLUSIONS: Alloxan-treated rats fed a normal or high-caloric diet have the potential to be used in studies analyzing the role physical exercise plays in the prevention of NIDDM.

Aderência a um programa de atividade física e fatores associados / Adherence to physical activity program and associated factors

O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a aderência de participantes em um programa de atividade física e se existe associação da Idade, Índice de Massa Corporal e Índice de Aptidão Funcional com essa aderência. Utilizou-se controle de frequência por 62 meses e dados das avaliações antropométrica e funcional de 122 participantes (58 mais 9 anos). Desses 49,2% desistiram e 50,8% aderiram ao programa. A média de tempo de permanência foi 24 mais 17 meses. A porcentagem da aderência de pessoas com aptidão satisfatória é maior do que não satisfatória. A porcentagem de aderência das pessoas mais velhas é maior do que com idades inferiores. A porcentagem de aderência de não obesos é maior que de obesos. Entretanto, nenhuma dessas variáveis apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa. Conclui-se que embora tenha existido aderência com valores próximos tanto para permanência quanto desistência, otempo de permanência no programa foi alto quando comparado a outros estudos.

The aim of this study was to verify the adherence of participants in a program of physical activity; and to verify if there is any association between the age, Body Mass Index and General Functional Fitness Index with this adherence. It was used the control of frequency for 62 months and data of the anthropometric and functional evaluations of 122 participants (58 mor 9 years). 49.2% of the participants gavethe program up and 50.8% remained to it. The average of permanence time was 24 mor 17 months. The percentage of the adherence of people with satisfactory fitness is greater than with not satisfactory fitness.The percentage of adherence of older people is larger than younger age. The percentage of adherence of not-obese is greater than of obese. However, none of these variables presented statistical difference. It canbe concluded that even though there was adherence with similar results even to permanence as to desistance, the time of permanence in the program was very high when compared to other studies.