Development, Construct Validation, and Normalization of a New Early Childhood Self-Regulation Assessment Scale.

Although there are many tools for assessing young children's self-regulation according to varied conceptual definitions and purposes, the purpose of this study was to develop, validate, and norm a Self-Regulation Assessment Scale for Early Childhood (SASEC) for directly evaluating observed behaviors of young children in naturalistic play experiences within the normal preschool environment. An exploratory sequential mixed methods research design was used. The 315 participants included 153 parents and 15 educators for the qualitative component and 147 children ages 3-5 years for the quantitative component. The analytical steps of a qualitative grounded theory research design were applied to adult participant interviews and focus group discussions, which culminated in 12 scale items for measuring a child's ability to initiate, modulate, and cease behaviors, tasks, or activities of varied complexities, social configurations, and limiting conditions. Children's SASEC scores were assessed via video recordings of play behaviors in naturalistic settings. Based on factor analysis results, the SASEC items constitute a single construct. According to the results of hierarchical linear modeling and multiple linear regression, preschool children's SASEC scores can be compared to the SASEC mean and standard deviation regardless of various demographic variables. Implications and recommendations for future work include having early childhood educators, child and youth care practitioners, counselors, parents and families, social workers, behavioral sciences researchers, and policy makers use the SASEC to measure young children's self-regulation while developing or monitoring the efficacy of generalized enhancement programs and individualized treatment plans.

Vicarious resilience in counselors of child and youth victims of interpersonal trauma.

In this study, we investigated how bearing witness to clients' resilience processes during treatment impacts the personal and professional lives of counselors who work with child and youth victims of interpersonal trauma. We used a qualitative instrumental multiple-case study design and thematic analysis to explore the research question. The participants indicated that they experienced an increased sense of hope and optimism, and were inspired by the strengths of their clients while working with this population. As the participants reflected on the challenges that their clients faced, the participants put their own challenges and strengths into perspective; they reported positive changes in their personal relationships. We suggest that future research might investigate the relationships we found between optimism, hope, and vicarious resilience processes, as well as the potential relationship between the counseling approach that counselors adopt and the development of vicarious resilience responses.

Histone Deacetylase Inhibition with Panobinostat Combined with Intensive Induction Chemotherapy in Older Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Phase I Study Results.

PURPOSE: The histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor panobinostat potentiates anthracycline and cytarabine cytotoxicity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. We hypothesized that panobinostat prior to and during induction chemotherapy would be tolerable and augment response in patients showing increased histone acetylation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients received panobinostat 20-60 mg oral daily on days 1, 3, 5, and 8 with daunorubicin 60 mg/m2/day intravenously on days 3 to 5 and cytarabine 100 mg/m2/day intravenously by continuous infusion on days 3 to 9 ("7+3"). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated for HDAC expression and histone acetylation changes. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients ages 60-85 years (median age, 69) were treated. Fifteen patients had de novo AML, six AML with myelodysplasia-related changes, two AML with prior myeloproliferative neoplasm, one therapy-related myeloid neoplasm, and one myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts-2. No dose-limiting toxicities occurred in dose escalation cohorts. In dose expansion, six patients received panobinostat at 60 mg and nine patients at 50 mg due to recurrent grade 1 bradycardia at the 60-mg dose. The complete response (CR)/incomplete count recovery (Cri) rate was 32%. Median overall survival was 10 months: 23 months with CR/CRi versus 7.8 months without CR/CRi (log-rank P = 0.02). Median relapse-free survival was 8.2 months. Increased histone acetylation 4 and 24 hours after panobinostat was significantly associated with CR/CRi. CONCLUSIONS: Panobinostat with "7+3" for older patients with AML was well tolerated. Panobinostat 50 mg on days 1, 3, 5, and 8 starting 2 days prior to "7+3" is recommended for future studies. Panobinostat-induced increases in histone acetylation in PBMCs predicted CR/CRi.